NURS 280 FINAL

Child: Birth to Age 2 Sexual Development

* spontanenous, reflexive sexual response
* healthy touch

What they learn:

* names for body parts and how ppl feel about it
* rules/beliefs for gender

Kids are developing:

* attachment to family/caregivers
* basic social skills

Child: Age 2 to 5 Sexual Development

* keen interest in their own body and others

What they learn:

* how they joined fam
* the diff between gender
* their body belongs to them
* types of touch

Kids are developing:

* certainty about their gender
* an understanding of private and public and how it relates to their body

Child: Age 5 to 8 Sexual Development

* Physical exploration of bodies in common at this age
* self-pleasuring can be intentional
* peer bonding more intense

What they learn:

* how babies are made
* different types of families/couples
* their bodies are changing as they age

Kids are developing:

* understanding of attraction/romantic relationships

Puberty: Age 9 to 12 Sexual Development

* masturbation is pleasure-entered but influences by by any messaging received from peers/fam/media
* less grossed out by sexuality more interested

What they learn:

* bodies change
* their beliefs and values are own
* how and why people are sexual
* complex skills to understand and decode the meaning behind behaviours

Kids are developing:

* skills needed to start/build/maintain/end relationships
* sense of justice/understanding of their rights

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Changes during puberty

* Big feet (one of the first things)
* Growth spurts
* Skin changes (more sebum production = oily, acne)
* Perspiration and odor
* Body hair
* Voice changes
* Moodiness
* Crushes

Sex based Puberty Changes

Testosterone:

* broader shoulders
* frequent erections
* nocturnal emissions

Estrogen:

* Wider hips
* breast development
* menstruation

Conflicts with body changes

* body changes → different treatment
* fluctuating hormones → moodiness


* lack of sleep → irritability
* increased interest in sex
* cognitive immaturity → poor decision-making

• poor emotion regulation

Adolescent Sexual Development

* often first romantic/sexual relationships
* masturbation common (80% w/ penis, 58% with vulva)

What they learn:

* how to adapt to their changing bodies
* how to protect their sexual health

What they are developing:

* sexual selves (needs, desires)
* relationship skills

Sexual Debut Average Age and How many BC kids are active

17 years 2 months, 80% in romantic relationships during debut, 80% did not have debut

Adult Sexual Development

* seek long term relationships

What they learn

* how to sustain relationships beyond passionate start

What they develop

* effective and sustainable communication methods
* sexual health protection

Types of relationships

* serial monogamy
* polyamory (open relationship, dating multiple people, usually ethical)
* casual dating
* hookups
* unethical nonmonogamy (cheating)

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Sexual Fantasies

* common
* 98% of men think of other ppl while 80% of women
* most common is with multiple people and sadomasochism

Sexual Dysfunction

* low desire is common
* Pre-orgasmia mostly diasgones in cis women though men also have trouble reaching orgasm
* Erectile difficulties more studies
* Sexual Pain, stems from genital pain, vulvodynia (vulva pain), vaginismus (pain from muscles around vulva)

Sexual Dysfunction Treatment

* Physiotherapy
* midfullness practices
* touch therapy
* drug therapy

What are seniors up to

* sex is important to them
* most are sexually active
* sometimes sex is better for seniors
* physical well-being is tied to sex

Sex Challenges for Seniors

Cis women:

* lower estrogen (sensitive bladders, libido change, thinning tissue, change in vaginal pH

Cis men:

* erectile change, lower testosterone, prostate issue

All genders:

* STI’s, dating again, limits imposed by others

Criteria for Sexual Consent for Seniors

* Basic sexual knowledge
* Ability to understand consequence and risk
* Ability to understand appropriate and inappropriate locations and times for sexual activity
* Ability to articulate choice, preferences, and resistance
* Ability to recognize distress or resistance in a partner

What is R vs Ewanchuck

Law defining sexual consent and a girl went in for job interview and Steve mades passes and R said no until she stopped talking and then Steven took that as yes and assaulted her

Sexual Consent In Canada

Consent must be clear and sought, They passes there is no presumption in consent. The absence of a "no" does not mean "yes"

What is the current age of consent in Canada?

16, used to be 14 in order to help young girls in that were being recruited into sex work

Exceptions for age of consent

* no one under 11 can consent to sexual activty
* 12 to 13 less than 2 years older
* 14 to 15 less than 5 years older

consent not possible, regardless of age

* Cant consent to sex with people with institutional power over us, teacher, coach
* cant consent to legal capacity to do sex work for money
* Nudes pics and vids sharing for minors

What resources are available for folks who have experienced sexualized violence?

* SVPRO
* In BC a team of nurses will check if the victim is physically okay
* A "rape kit" maybe used to gather evidence (evidence is kept up to a year)

Sex work: what aspects of sex work are currently prohibited by law

Illegal to:

* pay for sexual services
* talking about exchanging sexual services in public
* profiting as a third party
* hiring someone to provide sexual services
* third party advertising

Problems with Porn

* Misrepresentation of bodies
* erections are forced to maintain for long periods
* How pleasure is depicted
* very heterosexual, P-V sex is best
* Ejaculation happens where we normally cant see
* Violence
* lots of slapping and humiliation porn
* Exploitation of performers
* most exploited workers and is short

Benefits of Porn

* Exploration of sexual expression: pleasure, fantasy, \n identity
* Can support healthy masturbation
* Can facilitate connection between partners, building connection, trust, exploration, etc.

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Barriers preventing people with disabilities from expressing sexual selves

* lack of sex ed as they are removed for sex class
* negative attitudes to people with disabilities having sex
* lack of access to healthcare

Benefits of participating in sexual activities for people with disabilities

* Reduce their risk of sexual and reproductive health problems;
* Increase their ability to maintain rewarding relationships;
* Achieve overall health and well-being.

What practices reduce the risk of sexualized violence for people with disabilities

* Refusal skills and consent skills
* Age-appropriate affection and touching
* Practical skills for care of body, and safer sex, \n for example
* Offer opportunities to observe or rehearse \n skills and tailored for their needs

Why are the risks of assault higher for this group?

* need assistance with personal care and hygiene
* difficult to report due to communication difficulties
* taught to comply with authority
* targeted due to lower cognitive function
* may not be believed

How do we define our gender?

* bodies
* our gender assigned at birth
* Socializations
* begins at birth
* reinforced thru our lives
* Internal sense of self
* evident or hidden

How do we express our gender?

Can that gender change? If so, how?

Yes

* social transitions
* dress, names, pronouns
* Gender affirming care
* hormones
* upper/lower surgery
* other feminizing or masculinizing procedures

Gender identities.

* Girl / Woman
* Boy / Man
* Nonbinary / gender nonconforming / gender fluid
* dont conform to a gender
* Trans (see also: woman and man)
* not a gender, but is about gender,
* Femme / Masc
* wearing female/male attire or way to express themselves
* Two Spirit
* indigenous identity
* male and female side

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Gender expression and identity and law

* no discrimination of people based on gender identity or expression

Queer Identities

* gay
* lesbian
* Bisexual
* tends to related to attraction to gender part
* Pansexual
* attractions to all genders
* Queer
* umbrella term for not straight
* Transgender
* not a gender identity but the have one, gender identity is different from one assigned, can be straight, asexual etc
* Asexual
* no spontaneous sexual desire
* Demisexual
* asexual but when with a person they like their sexual selves will bloom
* Intersex
* given a place in lgbtq as they are marginalized
* +
* is for etc and emerging identities
* MSM is not sexual orientation but describes a behaviour not identity

Legal protection for Queer folks in Canada

no discrimination based on sexual orientation

Effective supports and best practices for queer youth

* GSA
* saves money in healthcare and created a better life
* Foster inclusivity
* Educates others on gender and sexuality issues

hallmarks of a sex positive presentation or resource allows for 

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* asexuality
* abstinence and celibacy
* trauma
* diverse sexual preferences and beliefs
* addressing inequality and recognizing intersectionality

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What does sex positivity foster?

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* dialogue
* health 
* consent 
* diversity of identity and expression
* pleasure 

Develop a sex positive perspective or practice in our life/work?

* use positive and nonjudgmental language 
* examine long-held personal values 
* model non-judgemental attitude 
* think what I sound like 
* dont make presumptions 
* keep current