Carbohydrates

Functions of carbohydrates

• Energy source

• Energy storage

• Structural uses

Types of carbohydrates

• Monosaccharide

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharide

Monosaccharide and give an example

Simplest carbohydrate, can’t be broken down further. Can be joined together to form larger carbohydrates. Examples are glucose, fructose, ribose and galactose

Disaccharides and give an example

Carbohydrates which are made by joining up two monosaccharide units. For example sucrose, maltose, and lactose

What two monosaccharides make up sucrose

Glucose + Fructose

What two monosaccharides make up maltose

Glucose + Glucose

What two monosaccharides make up lactose

Galactose + Glucose

Polysaccharides and give an example

Carbohydrates made from a large number of monosaccharide units. For example starch, cellulose, glycogen

How many naturally occurring monosaccharides, containing between 3-7 carbon atoms.

20

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose

In alpha glucose the hydrogen is above the first carbon and in beta the hydrogen is below the first carbon

What happens when joining two monosaccharides

There is a condensation reaction forming a 1-4 carbon glycosidic bond

What reaction breaks the glycosidic bond

A hydrolysis reaction, where water us added breaking the glycosidic bond.

When two beta glucose are joined together what occurs

One of the glucose flips 180^o to allow the 1-4 carbon glycosidic bond to form.