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What is the classification of Pteridophyta?
Phylum Pteridophyta
What plants are a part of Phylum Pteridophyta?
Pteridophytes, ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns
Phylum Pteridophyta are
seedless vascular plants
Phylum Pteridophyta have Megaphylls which are
broad leaves with multiple vascular strands
Megaphylls improved
capture of sunlight energy for photosynthesis which improved plant fitness
Horsetails are also called
equisetum
Horsetails were ______ species in the past and some are as tall as ______
dominant;trees
Horsetails have rough stems composed of ______ and used for
Silica and used for scrubbing pots by early Americans
Whisk ferns are found in
subtropical and tropical regions
Whisk ferns have
Psilotum which resemble whisk brooms
Psilotum have what?
No leaves, stems photosynthesize and pumpkin-shaped sporangia on side branches
Ferns are a
widespread group with 11000 species
Ferns genetically are
vascular and seedless plants
What are the most abundant plants in warm, moist, tropical regions as far as Arctic Circle?
Ferns
Ferns have megaphylls called
fronds = broad and often subdivided into leaflets
Ferns have fiddleheads meaning
tightly coiled frond of a young fern
What is the first step in a fern’s lifecycle?
The sporophyte— the sporophyte portion of the life cycle is dominant in ferns
What is the second step in a ferns lifecycle?
The sporangia— sporangia are located with sori, on the underside of the leaflets and protected by the indusium
What is the third step in a ferns lifecycle?
The spores— meiosis occurs in the sporangium, and spores are produced. When a sporangium opens, the spores are released
What is the fourth step in a ferns lifecycle?
The gametophyte— a spore germinates into a prothallus (the gametophyte), which bears archegonia at the notch and antheridia at the tip between the rhizoids
What is the fifth step in a ferns lifecycle?
Fertilization takes place when moisture is present because the flagellated sperm must swim in a film of water from the antheridia to the egg within the archegonium
What is the sixth step in a ferns lifecycle?
The zygote—the sporophyte zygote begins its development inside an archegonium. As the distinctive first leaf appears above the prothallus, and as the roots develop below it the sporophyte becomes visible
What is the seventh step in a ferns lifecycle?
The fronds— the sporophyte develops a root-bearing rhizome from which the aerial fronds project
What is the dominant life stage?
Sporophyte
What is required for reproduction?
Water for sperm to reach and fertilize egg
