Pteridophytes and development of Megaphylls

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25 Terms

1
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What is the classification of Pteridophyta?

Phylum Pteridophyta

2
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What plants are a part of Phylum Pteridophyta?

Pteridophytes, ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns

3
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Phylum Pteridophyta are

seedless vascular plants

4
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Phylum Pteridophyta have Megaphylls which are

broad leaves with multiple vascular strands

5
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Megaphylls improved

capture of sunlight energy for photosynthesis which improved plant fitness

6
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Horsetails are also called

equisetum

7
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Horsetails were ______ species in the past and some are as tall as ______

dominant;trees

8
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Horsetails have rough stems composed of ______ and used for

Silica and used for scrubbing pots by early Americans

9
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Whisk ferns are found in

subtropical and tropical regions

10
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Whisk ferns have

Psilotum which resemble whisk brooms

11
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Psilotum have what?

No leaves, stems photosynthesize and pumpkin-shaped sporangia on side branches

12
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Ferns are a

widespread group with 11000 species

13
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Ferns genetically are

vascular and seedless plants

14
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What are the most abundant plants in warm, moist, tropical regions as far as Arctic Circle?

Ferns

15
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Ferns have megaphylls called

fronds = broad and often subdivided into leaflets

16
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Ferns have fiddleheads meaning

tightly coiled frond of a young fern

17
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What is the first step in a fern’s lifecycle?

The sporophyte— the sporophyte portion of the life cycle is dominant in ferns

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What is the second step in a ferns lifecycle?

The sporangia— sporangia are located with sori, on the underside of the leaflets and protected by the indusium

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What is the third step in a ferns lifecycle?

The spores— meiosis occurs in the sporangium, and spores are produced. When a sporangium opens, the spores are released

20
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What is the fourth step in a ferns lifecycle?

The gametophyte— a spore germinates into a prothallus (the gametophyte), which bears archegonia at the notch and antheridia at the tip between the rhizoids

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What is the fifth step in a ferns lifecycle?

Fertilization takes place when moisture is present because the flagellated sperm must swim in a film of water from the antheridia to the egg within the archegonium

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What is the sixth step in a ferns lifecycle?

The zygote—the sporophyte zygote begins its development inside an archegonium. As the distinctive first leaf appears above the prothallus, and as the roots develop below it the sporophyte becomes visible

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What is the seventh step in a ferns lifecycle?

The fronds— the sporophyte develops a root-bearing rhizome from which the aerial fronds project

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What is the dominant life stage?

Sporophyte

25
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What is required for reproduction?

Water for sperm to reach and fertilize egg