Pteridophytes and development of Megaphylls

What is the classification of Pteridophyta?

Phylum Pteridophyta

What plants are a part of Phylum Pteridophyta?

Pteridophytes, ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns

Phylum Pteridophyta are

seedless vascular plants

Phylum Pteridophyta have Megaphylls which are

broad leaves with multiple vascular strands

Megaphylls improved

capture of sunlight energy for photosynthesis which improved plant fitness

Horsetails are also called

equisetum

Horsetails were ______ species in the past and some are as tall as ______

dominant;trees

Horsetails have rough stems composed of ______ and used for

Silica and used for scrubbing pots by early Americans

Whisk ferns are found in

subtropical and tropical regions

Whisk ferns have

Psilotum which resemble whisk brooms

Psilotum have what?

No leaves, stems photosynthesize and pumpkin-shaped sporangia on side branches

Ferns are a

widespread group with 11000 species

Ferns genetically are

vascular and seedless plants

What are the most abundant plants in warm, moist, tropical regions as far as Arctic Circle?

Ferns

Ferns have megaphylls called

fronds = broad and often subdivided into leaflets

Ferns have fiddleheads meaning

tightly coiled frond of a young fern

What is the first step in a fern’s lifecycle?

The sporophyte— the sporophyte portion of the life cycle is dominant in ferns

What is the second step in a ferns lifecycle?

The sporangia— sporangia are located with sori, on the underside of the leaflets and protected by the indusium

What is the third step in a ferns lifecycle?

The spores— meiosis occurs in the sporangium, and spores are produced. When a sporangium opens, the spores are released

What is the fourth step in a ferns lifecycle?

The gametophyte— a spore germinates into a prothallus (the gametophyte), which bears archegonia at the notch and antheridia at the tip between the rhizoids

What is the fifth step in a ferns lifecycle?

Fertilization takes place when moisture is present because the flagellated sperm must swim in a film of water from the antheridia to the egg within the archegonium

What is the sixth step in a ferns lifecycle?

The zygote—the sporophyte zygote begins its development inside an archegonium. As the distinctive first leaf appears above the prothallus, and as the roots develop below it the sporophyte becomes visible

What is the seventh step in a ferns lifecycle?

The fronds— the sporophyte develops a root-bearing rhizome from which the aerial fronds project

What is the dominant life stage?

Sporophyte

What is required for reproduction?

Water for sperm to reach and fertilize egg