Animal Tissues, Organ Systems, and Ecosystems Overview

Epithelial tissues

Sheetlike with one free surface.

Tight junctions

Keep fluid from leaking between cells.

Blood cells

Develop from stem cells in bone.

Main energy reservoir

Lipids stored in adipose tissue.

Skeletal muscle

Pulls on bones.

Smooth muscle

Regulates the diameter of blood vessels.

Cancers

Most commonly arise in epithelial tissues.

Most abundant protein in body

Collagen.

Negative feedback

Detection of a change brings about a response that reverses the change.

Antigens

Trigger immune response.

Antibodies

Made by B cells.

Vaccination

Works by eliciting an antibody-mediated response.

Sexual reproduction

Requires formation of gametes by meiosis.

Cervix

The entrance to the vagina.

Ovulation

Releases a secondary oocyte into an oviduct.

Semen

Contains secretions from the prostate gland.

Cleavage

The end product is a blastula.

Morphogen

Has different effects at different concentrations.

Outermost germ layer

Ectoderm.

Fertilization

Typically occurs in the oviduct.

Placenta

Consists of embryonic tissue and maternal tissue.

Human milk

Contains sugars, lysozyme, and antibodies.

Apoptosis

Removes webs between developing digits.

Pregnancy test

Detects Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in urine.

broadleaf forest new equator

Partly enclosed by land; where freshwater and seawater mix

African grassland with trees

Low-growing plants at high latitudes or elevations

Dry shrubland

At latitudes 30 degrees north and south

Mineral-rich, superheated water

Supports communities

Conifers dominate

North American Grassland

The North Hemisphere is most tilted towards the sun on

June solstice

Warm air

Rises; more water than cold air

Grasslands

Have a deep layer of nutrient-rich topsoil

Biome distribution depends on

Climate, Elevation, Soils

Ozone

A layer that absorbs harmful UV radiation

Biodiversity

Genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity

Acid rain

Coal-burning is a major cause

Endemic species

Evolved in one region and remains there

Biological magnification

Results in highest pollution level at top trophic level

Global climate change

Cause of rising sea level

Deforestation

Tree loss alters rainfall pattern and is difficult to reverse

Desertification

Can increase dust storms

An endangered species

Has population levels so low it is at great risk of extinction in the near future

Bioaccumulation

An old animal usually has more pollutants in its body than a young one

Use of CFCs was banned in order to

Prevent ozone destruction

Restoring a marsh

An example of ecological restoration

Individuals help sustain biodiversity by

Reducing consumption, Reusing materials, Recycling materials

Primary producers use energy from

Sunlight to build organic compounds

Primary productivity is affected by

Nutrient availability, Amount of sunlight, Temperature

Most of Earth's freshwater is

Frozen as ice

Earth's largest carbon reservoir is

Sediment and rocks

Greenhouse gasses

a. Slow the escape of heat energy from

Earth into space

b. Are produced by natural and human

activities

c. Are at higher levels than they were 100

years ago

d. All of the above!

D (All)

Earth's largest phosphorus reservoir is

Sedimentary rock

Plant growth requires uptake of

Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Nitrogen fixation converts

Nitrogen gas to ammonia