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Rhetoric
the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques
Rhetorical situation
purpose, audience, topic, writer, and context.
Exigence
Why an author is writing what they are writing; what sparked it
Ethos
Ethical appeal
Logos
Logical appeal
Pathos
Emotional appeal
Genre
a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter
Audience
who is reading or what group of people is the work meant for
Purpose
The reason that the author is writing
Context
background info on what is going on and to inform why something may be taking place
Message
The big idea or moral of the story
Thesis
The main claim
Claim
a statement in which a writer presents an assertion as truthful to substantiate an argument
Evidence
something to back up the claim; why the claim is true
Diction
the linguistic choices a writer makes to effectively convey an idea, a point of view, or tell a story
Syntax
the set of rules that determines the arrangement of words in a sentence
Organization
how a paragraph or argument is set up
Style
the way in which an author writes and/or tells a story
Analyze
to examine, in detail, the structure/makeup of something with the purpose of explaining or interpreting how its parts work together
Argue
explain why a claim is true, typically by using evidence
Quotation
a direct quote from a source
Citation
saying where you got your evidence from
Perspective
the POV
Establish
to cause (a character, place, etc) to be credible and recognized
Strategy
a general plan or set of plans intended to achieve something, especially over a long period
Hyperbole
a literary device used to draw emphasis through extreme exaggeration
Understatement
a literary device by which a particular quality of a person, object, emotion, or situation is downplayed or presented as being less than what is true to the situation
Litotes
a phrase that uses negation to create an affirmative understatement
Inductive reasoning
a method of drawing conclusions by going from the specific to the general
Deductive reasoning
from general information to specific conclusions
Appeal
the qualities of an argument that make it truly persuasive
Anecdote
a short story about a topic
Observation
a conclusion based on observed occurrences or themes
Persuasive
convincing others to agree with your claim or cause
Concession
Agreeing with someone to make a point
Rebuttal
a literary device wherein a writer presents reasons or evidence that undermine or challenge an opposing argument
Amplify
to increase something
Qualify
to give credit to a point
Synthesis
to combine separate elements to form a whole
Analogy
to use a set of comparisons to make a point (ex: pen is to paper as keyboard is to computer)
Statistic
numbers and survey results; can be used to prove a point
Intellectual property
any intellectual creation, such as literary works, artistic works, inventions, designs, symbols, names, images, computer code, etc
Credibility
what makes someone trustworthy
Testimony
a rhetorical term for a person's account of an event or state of affairs
Convey
to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people
Antithesis
a contrast or opposite
Hypophora
asking a question then immediately answering it
Rhetorical question
asking a question but not needing an answer
Retract
to pull back
Rescind
take back a statement or proposal
Sycophant
suck-up
Incongruous
discordant; not equal
Hinder
to hold back
Slander
to disgrace or make fun of
Verbose
wordy
Amass
to gather
Amity
friendship
Hedonistic
giving in to luxury and extreme desires
Avarice
greed
Procatalepsis
when a writer brings up an opposing point to then discredit it
Distinctio
to define the meaning of a word that may have multiple meanings for clarification
Simile
comparing two things using like or as
Ecclesiastic
religious; pious
Esoteric
deep; obscure
Cleric
priest
Lay-person
normie
Didactic
intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive
Disseminate
to spread out (knowledge typically)
Edict
a mandate
Penance
punishment or repentance
Apathy
uncaring or uninterested
Ambiguous
up in the air; unknown in a sense
Fervent
zealous
Vagrant
homeless
Undermine
discredit
Oblivious
clueless
Indifferent
doesn’t have an opinion on the matter
Obscure
deep in meaning
Objective
goal
Revere
respect
Embellish
over exaggerate
Innovate
be creative and inventive
Denounce
speak against
Stagnant
boring; still
Candid
truthful
Impartial
does not have a side; unbiased
Discern
figure out
Ostentatious
attention grabbing (in a bad way)
Contentious
controversial
Reprove
reprimand
Pessimism
glass half empty; looks on the bad side
Cursory
hasty and not detailed
Profligate
recklessly extravagant
Miser
rich but never spends much money
Metaphor
saying two different things are the same (no like or as)
Dialectic
the art of investigating or discussing the truth of opinions
Interminable
unending (used hyperbolically)
Jocular
joking and silly
Fracas
a noisy disturbance or fight
Caricature
an exaggerated depiction of something or someone