Supporting cells and neuronal structure

Astrocytes

maintain BBB, regulate extracellular ions, support synapses

Oligodendrocytes

form myelin sheath in CNS

Microglia

phagocytic immune cells of the central nervous system that protect against pathogens and remove debris.

ependymal cells

lines ventricles, produce CSF

dendrites

receives input from other neurons and transmits signals to the cell body.

cell body (soma)

integrates signals

axons

sends signals away from the cell body to other neurons or target cells.

synapse

communication point between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released and received.

Glutamate

Primary excitatory

GABA

Primary inhibitory

Ionotropic

Fast acting, Channels that open immediately

Metabotropic

Slow acting, they use G proteins/second messengers to change the cells internal chemistry.