Historic Materials and Systems

From Quiz 5

What were the preferred construction types in the United States prior to the Industrial Revolution (approx. 1830s)?

 (select all the apply)

Metal Framing

Load Bearing Masonry

Timber Framing

Concrete

Load Bearing Masonry

Timber Framing

Prior to the Industrial age of construction (approx. 1820), what methods controlled building design?

  Traditional methods and apprenticeship

What major event resulted in the birth of Modern Seismic Design?

1971 San Fernando Earthquake

Early timber frame design and construction was influenced most greatly by what factor?

Regional differences due to the nationality (heritage) of the builder

In the Modern age, Sears & Roebuck kit homes allowed platform-framed wood construction to quickly supplant balloon-framed wood construction because of what factor?

Rural Free Delivery Act of 1896 provided free shipping (by rail car)

Early load-bearing masonry structures used what type of mortar prior to the advent of newer materials during the industrial age?

Lime-based mortar

Early load-bearing masonry wall design like thickness and height was largely dictated by what factor?

Experience of the trades/mason

Tile arch floors and flat arch floors were primarily developed to improve the ____ resistance of buildings.

fire

Upon the advent of steel framing in the Industrial period, floor structures and gravity support of floor systems (i.e., columns) replaced earlier construction methods such as wood beams that were supported from mass masonry walls. Early systems that embedded steel structure in the load-bearing masonry exterior walls are often referred to as what?

Transitional masonry facades

What is a common deterioration sign of steel embedded in mass masonry?

Bulging of masonry due to steel corrosion

What element of masonry construction (present in traditional mass masonry as well as mass masonry during the Industrial period and beyond) ties together multiple wythes of masonry?

Headers

Cast iron, which is strong but brittle, was typically only used in compression applications like columns. (True or False)

True

During the late Industrial and early Modern periods, what was not a cause of the increase in building heights, which was previously controlled by limitations of mass masonry construction to roughly 16 stories or so like the Monadock Building in Chicago?

Terra cotta backup wall construction

During the Modern period, with the advent of seismic design standards and improved code requirements, early steel-framed buildings were often identified to have insufficient lateral load resistance to resist earthquake loads. What was not a typical reason for the poor lateral load resistance of these early steel-framed structures? 

Weld strength

What was the primary material that resulted in the birth of modern concrete construction?

Portland cement