Monomers and Polymers

Monomer

small basic molecules

polymer

long chains of repeatin monomers chemically bonded

carbohydrate

made from repeating monosaccharides

polysaccharide

long unsoluble carbohydrates

monosaccharides

simplest form of carbohydrates - consisting of single sugar units that cannot be hydrolysed

monosaccaride formula

C₆H₁₂O₆

glycosidic bond

covalent bond between 2 monosaccarides

protein

large complex monomers made from amino acid monomers

polypeptide

a polymer of amino acid linked by peptide bonds

amino acid

monomer of protein

peptide bond

covalent bond between amino acids

DNA

lare biological molecule which carries genetic information. It carries the code for the synthesis of protein

polynucleotide

polymer of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids, it contains a pentose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base

phosphodiester bond

covalent bonds that form between adjacent nucleotides

lipid

insoluble molecule formed from smaller molecules like glycerol and fatty acids

fatty acids

a molecule containing a hydrocarbon chain with (-COOH) at end

glycerol

three carbon alcohol - backbone of lipids

formula of glycerol

C₃H₈O₃

Ester

esters form between alcohols and carboxylic acids

condensation reaction

two or more simple substances combine to form a larger molecule, usually involving the elimination of water

hydrolysis

a molecule breaks down into smaller molecule with the addition of water (reverse of condensation reactions)