history

Causes of World War I

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

June 28, 1914

Allied Powers and Central Powers

ALLIED POWERS (AKA ENTENTE) - Britain, France, Russia.

CENTRAL POWERS - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Sinking of the Lusitania and the Sussex Pledge

* Cruise ship that was sunk by German submarines and helped bring the US closer to involvement in WWI
* The Sussex Pledge was a deal between American and Germany that stated that Germany couldn’t sink an American ship without warning America first.

The Zimmerman Note

Message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico

President Woodrow Wilson

president during WWI wanted the U.S. to remain neutral

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft.

Liberty and Victory Bonds

Sold to American people to raise money to cover the costs of war

War Industries Board (Mobilization) and Food Administration

Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Laws that enacted harsh punishments against anyone who opposed participation in the war

Fourteen Points: President Wilson's plan for a "League of Nations"

\n A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Treaty that ended World War I - most important part was the forced blame on Germany and other allies

Fundamentalism (Scopes Trial)

\-evangelical movement interested in spreading the doctrine to new groups

\-rejection of evolution

Red Scare: Communism, Palmer Raids, and Sacco and Vanzetti

\- Fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life

\- The Palmer raids were the raiding of the country in search of communists and the deportation of immigrants.

Immigration Act of 1924 (Quota System)

The quota of immigrants entering the U.S. was set at 2% of any given nation's residents in the U.S. as reported in the 1890 Federal Census. Immigrants from eastern and southern Europe were most impacted.

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921 (Harding)

Calvin Coolidge

Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.

installment plan

A payment plan that allows customers to make payments at set intervals over a period of time until the total debt is paid

Prohibition (18th Amendment/Volstead Act)

Period of time from 1920-1933 when the manufacturing sale, and transport of alcohol was illegal in the United States

Al Capone

A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs.

Charles Lindbergh

United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)

Henry Ford and the Assembly Line

Ford revolutionized the efficiency of manufacturing by mechanically moving the semi-finished product from work station to work station, which made assembly faster, cheaper and with less labor.

Back to Africa Movement

a movement, led by Marcus Garvey during the 1910s and 1920s, that promoted the return of blacks living all over the world to Africa

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act

A law, enacted in 1930, that established the highest protective tariff in U.S. history, worsening the depression in America and abroad.

Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929)

The day the stock market crashed

Dust Bowl

A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.

President Herbert Hoover

president of the US during the Great Depression; against federal programs and instant relief

Keynesian economics

Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be decrease during booms.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt

President during the Great Depression and the beginning of WWII; created the New Deal Plan.

Relief, Recovery, Reform

the three goals of FDR's New Deal.

Hundred Days

the special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs. The special session lasted about three months: 100 days.

Fireside Chats

informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people

Bank Holiday

a day on which banks are officially closed, observed as a public holiday.

Court Packing Plan (1937)

FDR's politically motivated & ill-fated scheme to add a new justice the supreme court for every member over 70 who had not retired.

New Deal Programs

federal relief programs during the Great Depression

Dorothea Lange

American photographer who recorded the Great Depression by taking pictures of the unemployed and rural poor.

John Steinbeck, Grapes of Wrath

1939 - Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath was about "Okies" from Oklahoma migrating from the Dust Bowl to California in the midst of the Depression.

Father Charles Coughlin

Roman Catholic priest who used popular radio sermons to criticize Roosevelt

21st Amendment (1933)

Amendment which ended the Prohibition of alcohol in the US, repealing the 18th amendment

Scopes Trial

1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools