a protein complex that uses a hydrogen ion gradient to drive forward the production of ATP
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autotrophs
an organism able to build all the complex organic molecules that it requires as its own food source, using only simple inorganic compounds
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Calvin cycle
the process by which carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate during photosynthesis
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carbon fixation
process by which carbon dioxide is converted into another organic compound by an autotroph
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chemiosmosis
using energy stored in the hydrogen ion gradient to do work
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chlorophyll
a pigment found commonly in plant cells that is used to convert solar energy to chemical energy
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chloroplast
a cell-like organelle present in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis
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electrochemical gradient
diffusion gradient of an ion accounting for both the concentration difference and the charge of either side
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heterotrophs
an organism that cannot derive energy from photosynthesis or inorganic chemicals, and so must feed on other plants and animals, obtaining chemical energy by degrading their organic molecules
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light reactions
the first stage in photosynthesis where chloroplasts are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy of ATP or NADPH
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photolysis
a process in which light breaks down molecules
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photon
particle of light energy
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photophosphorylation
formation of ATP molecules in the chloroplast using radiant energy
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photosynthesis
conversion of light energy to chemical energy which is stored in the form of carbon compounds
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photosystem
an organized complex of chlorophyll, other pigments, and proteins that traps light energy as excited electrons
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rubisco
an enzyme catalyzing the first step of Calvin cycle
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RUBP
4 carbon compound that is used in photosynthesis to form intermediate compounds
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stroma
dense fluid surrounding thylakoid membrane, where organic molecule synthesis occurs
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thylakoids
sac inside chloroplast containing the molecules needed to convert light into chemical energy
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wavelength
distance between the tops of waves that is used to measure light
Studied by 4 people
