Biology - Cellular Energy

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ATP synthase

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a protein complex that uses a hydrogen ion gradient to drive forward the production of ATP

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autotrophs

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an organism able to build all the complex organic molecules that it requires as its own food source, using only simple inorganic compounds

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Biology

10th

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20 Terms

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ATP synthase

a protein complex that uses a hydrogen ion gradient to drive forward the production of ATP

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autotrophs

an organism able to build all the complex organic molecules that it requires as its own food source, using only simple inorganic compounds

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Calvin cycle

the process by which carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate during photosynthesis

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carbon fixation

process by which carbon dioxide is converted into another organic compound by an autotroph

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chemiosmosis

using energy stored in the hydrogen ion gradient to do work

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chlorophyll

a pigment found commonly in plant cells that is used to convert solar energy to chemical energy

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chloroplast

a cell-like organelle present in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis

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electrochemical gradient

diffusion gradient of an ion accounting for both the concentration difference and the charge of either side

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heterotrophs

an organism that cannot derive energy from photosynthesis or inorganic chemicals, and so must feed on other plants and animals, obtaining chemical energy by degrading their organic molecules

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light reactions

the first stage in photosynthesis where chloroplasts are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy of ATP or NADPH

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photolysis

a process in which light breaks down molecules

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photon

particle of light energy

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photophosphorylation

formation of ATP molecules in the chloroplast using radiant energy

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photosynthesis

conversion of light energy to chemical energy which is stored in the form of carbon compounds

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photosystem

an organized complex of chlorophyll, other pigments, and proteins that traps light energy as excited electrons

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rubisco

an enzyme catalyzing the first step of Calvin cycle

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RUBP

4 carbon compound that is used in photosynthesis to form intermediate compounds

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stroma

dense fluid surrounding thylakoid membrane, where organic molecule synthesis occurs

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thylakoids

sac inside chloroplast containing the molecules needed to convert light into chemical energy

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wavelength

distance between the tops of waves that is used to measure light