APCSP.CodeHS with JS.Unit 13.Understanding Data: Types, Processing, and Visualization

Data

Information that is in a computer-readable form

Big Data

Massive amounts of structured and unstructured data that can potentially be mined, examined and used by organizations

Data processing

Converting information that can be understood by a computer, taking data and putting it into a useful format

Useable data

Data that has been processed so that it can be analyzed or used in its current form

Useful data

Data that someone can use to make predictions, describe some process or solve a problem

Data footprint

Receipt gives a bunch of info about the credit card

Data Storage

Relational database link correlate and disburse information

Unpredictable data

Data that is unreliable and non-useable format

Data Visualization

Using charts, graphs, or images to visualize complex data

Data collection

Gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in order to answer questions and evaluate outcomes

Unstructured data

Raw data with no connections and/or relationships among data detected - requires more storage space

Structured data

Data that is organized in some fashion - utilizes less storage space

Data set

A collection of numbers or values that relate to a particular subject usually portrayed in a relational database table

Relational database

A collection of data organized and retrieved in various ways between database tables

Knowledge

Data that is processed, interpreted and organized to become meaningful

Data Cycle

Collection, Extraction, Storage

Screen Scraping

Converting data that was human readable into data that computers can read

Input data

Data that is fed into a program

Output data

Data that is produced by a program

Data + computation

Knowledge

Google spiders

Go out to visit websites to gather information

Logs

Data that can be structured into useful information

generation loss

the loss of quality between copies of data, usually analog formats (copies of copies) - unlike digital data where copies are identical as long as the format and size remain the same.

data vs. knowledge

data are figures and facts while knowledge is data that is processed, interpreted and organized to become meaningful.

data persistence

information that is not often accessed and rarely modified. Data that remains stored after a user has deleted it.

data storage

static storage of various capacities and speed such as CDs', DVD's, flash memory, main memory, cache memory, magnetic tape, etc.

indexing

the specific organization and method of keeping track of data.

cache

a memory location to store active data temporarily to shorten data access times and reduce latency.

Concordances

a list of individual words and location pairings.

analytics

information resulting from the systematic analysis of data or statistics.

Data Limitations

Visualizations can be misleading by skewing the axes or labels, or leaving out relevant data.

Truncated Y-axis

Not starting the y-axis at zero. Shows you data but could look bad since it's manipulated to look bad.

Correlation

A connection between two things.

descriptive analytics

information about collected data using statistics (mean, median, mode, range) which describe circumstances.

predictive analytics

information about future events based on collected and analyzed data.

prescriptive analytics

the use of advanced processes and tools to analyze data and content to recommend the optimal course of action or strategy moving forward.

confirmatory analysis

think Scientific Method; confirms or rejects your hypothesis and checks to see if the two are correlated.

exploratory analysis

think AI coupled with Big Data; takes big data and asks AI to find the correlations.

Correlation vs. Causation

Correlation indicates a relationship between two variables, while causation indicates that one variable directly affects another.

Hemline index

Theory about the rise and fall of the economy is correlated with skirt lengths being longer or shorter.

Table

Precise data.

Pie Chart

Percentages of the whole.

Line Chart

Trends over time.

Bar Chart

Different Categories.

Histogram

Frequency of events.

Heat Map

Showing area of risk/reward.

Interactive Map

Allows us to interact with the map.