Discovering Design with Chemistry - Chapter 1 Review Questions

Define the following terms:

1. Matter:

2. Unit:

3. Significant figure:

4. Weight:

5. Mass:

6. Density:

1. Matter - Anything that has mass and takes up space.

2. Unit - A quantity that describes the measurement being made.

3. Significant Figure: A digit in a measurement that contribute to the measurements's precision.

4. Weight - A measure of how strongly gravity pulls on an object.

5. Mass - A measure of how much matter exists in an object.

6. Density - A measure of how tightly -packed the matter in a subject is.

What are the base metric units used to measure length, mass, and time?

Length: Meters

Mass: Grams

Time: Seconds

You are reading a scientist's lab notebook and see a measurement of 14.5 mL. What was the scientist measuring: length, mass, volume, or time?

Volume

You are measuring the volume of an object using a scale that is marked off with lines that represent 10 ml each. To what level of precision ( one mL, tenths of a mL, hundredths of a mL, etc ) should you use to report your measurements?

1 mL

An object has a mass of 123.4 kg , which is the same as 8.456 slugs. Which measures more mass: 1 slug or 1 kg?

1 slug

A box has a volume of 1.01 m cubed. Two students measure the box. The first says the volume is 1 m cubed, while the second says the volume is 1.23 m cubed. Assuming they are reporting the correct number of significant figures for the measuring devices used, which student used the more precise device? (a) Which student provided the more accurate answer? (b)

a. Student B

b. Student A

How many significant figures are in the following measurements?

a. 1.06 x 10 to the fourth power ml

b. 12,000 cm

c. 0.0340 kg

d. 1.0 x 10 to the first power in

a. 3

b. 2

c. 3

d. 2

When you put ice cubes in a glass of water, the ice cubes float. What does that tell you about the density of ice compared to water?

This fact tells me that ice has a lower density then water

When a figure is significant, does that mean it is mathematically important?

No

Two students are measuring the mass of an object. One reports 4.56 g, while the other reports 4.58 g. The teacher gives each student 100%. How can both be right?

Both students are right because, there is always experimental error in the last significant figure of a measurement.

A carpet-layer measures a room to be 4.6 m long and 3.2 m wide. He multiplies the two measurements and reports the area of the room to be 14.72. What two things are wrong with his answer?

The two thing he did wrong were, 1. he did not give a unit of measure with his answer and 2. his answer should have only 2 significant figures, not 4.

What is the correct answer to the equation?

21.0234g - 12g

9g

A U.S. dime has a diameter of 17.9 mm. What is the diameter in m?

0.0179 mm

A soup can has a mass of 490 grams. What is its mass in kg?

0.49 kg

The volume of a soccer ball is 6,080 ml. How many kL is that?

0.00608 kL

An object has a length of 15.0 inches. What is its length in meters? (2.54 cm = 1 inch)

0.381 m

Convert the following measurements into scientific notation with 4 significant figures each.

a. 0.0001214 kg

b. 34,500 m

c. 123,500,000 mg

d. 0.01010 km

a. 1.214 x 10 to the -4th power kg

b. 3.450 x 10 to the 4th power m

c. 1.235 x 10 to the 8th power mg

d. 1.010 X 10 to the -2nd power km

Covert the following measurements into decimal notation.

a. 1.2 x 10 negative squared km

b. 7.82 x 10 to the seventh power mL

c. 9.1 x 10 to the negative eighth power kg

d. 8.912 x 10 to the sixth power m

a. 0.012 km

b. 78,200,000 mL

c. 0.000000091 kg

d. 8,912,000 m

A bowl has a volume of 1.1 L. What is its volume in cubic centimeters?

1,100 cm cubed

A sample of liquid has a volume of 143.6 L. What is the volume in m cubed?

0.1436 m cubed

Aluminum has a density of 2.70 g/mL. What is the volume of an aluminum block that has mass of 55.67 kg?

20600 mL

A sample of what looks like silver has a mass of 1.7 kg and volume of 0.164 liters. Is it really silver? ( The density of silver is 10.49 g/mL. )

1.0 x 10 to the 2nd power g/mL