Ch1 Collective

States of matter & interactions

Solid (strong reactions), liquid (not that strong reactions), gas (no interactions)

Chemical properties

Changes substance on a molecular level (ex: flammability, oxidation, toxicity)

Physical properties

Physical substance dosnt change (ex: color, shape, melting point, boiling point)

Extensive properties

Dependent on the amount of the substance (ex:mass, volume)

Intensive properties

“innate”! dependent on amount of substance (ex: batteries will be corrosive no matter how many you have, hardness, boiling point, color

Classifying Substances- Pure substances

Element (monatomic or diatomic), compound

Element

Just the element! (O2, Fe)

Monatomic element

Individual, independent atoms on their own

Diatomic element

Still the SAME element, but two or more molecules of it together. (O2, P3)

Compound

Two or more different elements chemically bonded

Classifying substances- mixtures

heterogeneous, homogeneous

Homogeneous mixture

uniform! cant see it (saline, air)

Heterogeneous mixture

Not uniform! you can see it (salad, oil and water)

Mega

M, 1 million x base, 10^6

Kilo

k, 1 thousand x base, 10^3

Deci

d, one-tenth x base, 10^-1

Centi

c, one-hundredth x base, 10^{-2}

Milli

m, one-thousandth x base, 10^{-3}

Micro

µ, one-millionth x base, 10^{-6}

Nano

n, one-billionth x base, 10^{-9}

List SI all in order

Mega (6), kilo (3), base, deci (-1), centi (-2), milli (-3), micro (-6), nano (-9)

10³

Kilo

10^6

Mega

10^-1

deci

10^-2

centi

10^-3

milli

10^-6

micro

10^-9

nano

1000

Kilo

1,000,000

Mega

.1

deci

.01

centi

.001

milli

.000001

micro

.000000001

nano

Accuracy

Closeness to “correct” value

Precision

Closeness to each other