AP EURO UNIT 7: 1700s Enlightenment

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement promoting rationalism, challenging societal norms, and encouraging pursuit of knowledge.

Scientific Revolution

Catalyst inspiring application of the scientific method in daily life.

Skepticism

Questioning of religious truths and traditions, leading to secularism.

Cultural Relativism

Acceptance and evaluation of non-European cultures, challenging Eurocentrism.

John Locke

English philosopher advocating tabula rasa, natural rights, and societal change.

Philosophes

Intellectuals of the Enlightenment, including various professions and backgrounds.

Cosmopolitan

Sophistication, international knowledge, and appreciation of diverse cultures.

Baron de Montesquieu

French noble proposing separation of powers in government.

Separation of Powers

Governmental power division into executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Voltaire

French philosophe advocating for religious and governmental separation.

Deism

Belief in a distant creator god and natural laws governing the universe.

Denis Diderot

French philosophe promoting widely accessible knowledge and condemning Christianity.

Encyclopedia

First encyclopedia by Diderot promoting knowledge accessibility

David Hume

Scottish philosophe studying human nature and morals

Treatise on Human Nature

David Hume's work studying human behavior

Adam Smith

Advocate of laissez-faire economics in The Wealth of Nations

Laissez-Faire

Adam Smith's free market economic idea

Economic Liberalism

Nineteenth-century economics promoting individual freedom

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Advocate of social contract theory and natural education

Romanticism

Intellectual movement valuing sentiment and emotion

Feminism

Fight for women's rights starting in the eighteenth century

Salons

Formal gatherings of Enlightenment thinkers

Rococo

Eighteenth-century European style emphasizing grace

Neoclassicism

Late eighteenth-century European style inspired by classical antiquity

High Culture

Educated ruling class's literary and artistic culture

Popular Culture

Working class's unofficial culture passed down orally

Pietism

Belief for closer connection with God by lower clergy

Pierre Bayle

Outspoken French skeptic, against dogmatism, wants religious tolerance

Madame Geoffrin

well known for hosting salons, was open to many people for discussion and debates, became famous throughout Europe