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DRUG
a chemical substance, typically of known structure, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect.
DRUG
a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or
diagnose a disease or to promote well-being.
BIOLOGICAL
when drug is administered to a living organism, it produces a _______ effect.
MEDICATION/MEDICINE
a pharmaceutical drug is also called __________
CHEMICAL MAKEUP, EFFECTS, LEGAL DEFINITION
the main methods of drug classifications
SAFE AND BENEFICIAL
the purpose of drug classification is to ensure drug use is…
Alcohol, Opioids, Benzodiazepines, Cannabinoids, Barbiturates
classification of drugs by CHEMICAL MAKEUP
ALCOHOL
the most misused substance
EUPHORIA
the effects of alcohol include _________, lower ambitions, impairs judgment, perception, and reaction time.
LIVER
alcohol causes severe long-term ________ damage.
BEER, WINE, LIQUOR
forms of alcohol
OPIOIDS
they work by attaching to brain neurotransmitters and block the signals
they send.
OPIATES
other term for opioids
OPIUM
opioids came from _______ or chemicals that mimic it.
PAIN KILLERS
opiods are strong _______
DEADLY
opioids, just like they are addictive, they are
also _______
HEROIN, FENTANYL, OXYCODONE
common types of opioids
BENZODIAZEPINES
function by interacting with the neurotransmitter GABA-A
(gamma-aminobutyric acid-A)
GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-A
GABA-A means _________
BENZOS
other term for benzodiazepines
MENTAL; SLEEP
benzos treat a variety of _________ issues and _______ conditions
MENTAL PROBLEMS
benzos cause many medical and ________ when misused
ATIVAN, VALIUM, XANAX
common forms of benzos
XANAX WITHDRAWAL
misuse of xanax can cause _______
CANNABINOIDS
a drug class chemically similar to THC or
tetrahydrocannabinol
2ND MOST ABUSED
cannabinoids are considered as the ____________ drug, but are becoming legally acceptable now
TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL
THC means _____________
THC
it is the active ingredient of marijuana
HAPPINESS
cannabinoids cause feelings of _________, but also do serious mental and physical harm
MARIJUANA, HASHISH, SHATTER, DISTILLATE
common examples of cannabinoids
BARBITURATES
derivatives of barbituric acid and slow down the CNS
ANESTHESIA; EPILEPSY; HEADACHES
barbiturates are still used for ______, _______, and _______.
OVERDOSE
barbiturates have high _________ rates
AMYTAL, LUMINAL, PENTOBARBITAL
examples of barbiturates
DEPRESSANTS, STIMULANTS, HALLUCINOGENS, INHALANTS
classification of drugs based on EFFECTS
DEPRESSANTS
create feelings of relaxation and tiredness
DOWNERS
other term for depressants
HIGH; BUZZ
depressants are useful for mental illness and sleep issues, but they are highly misused as they create a _____or ______
ALCOHOL, OPIATES, BARBITURATES
common forms of depressants
STIMULANTS
increase energy, focus, and wakefulness.
RUSH; PRODUCTIVITY
stimulants provide a ______ and its short-term use increases ________
UPPERS
other term for stimulants
ADDERALL, COCAINE, METH
common examples of stimulants
HALLUCINOGENS
alters a person’s perception of reality
AUDITORY; VISUAL
hallucinogens often lead to ________ and ________ hallucinations or tripping
LESS
hallucinogens are ______ addictive than other drug classifications, but their fast-acting effects are more severe
LSD, PCP, PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOMS
examples of hallucinogens
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE
commonly known as LSD, IT is a potent psychedelic drug that intensifies
thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception
ACID/LUCY
LSD is often referred to as _____ or ______
MYTICAL; SPIRITUAL, RELIGIOUS
LSD can cause________, _________ and ________ experiences
MIND-ALTERING
LSD is one of the strongest ____________ chemical
PHENCYCLIDINE
an illegal street drug that usually comes as a white powder, which can be dissolved in water or alcohol
POWDER; LIQUID
PCP can be bought as a _________ or a ________
INHALED, INJECTED, SMOKED, SWALLOWED
PCP can be used in different ways such as…
PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOM
are mushrooms that contain hallucinogens - usually psilocybin and psilocin.
MAGIC MUSHROOMS
psilocybin mushrooms are also called as ________
SEE; FEEL; HEAR
taking magic mushrooms may cause you to ____, _____ or ___ things that are not there
HEART RATE; BLOOD PRESSURE
taking magic mushrooms may cause anxiety, fear, nauseam and muscle twitches accompanied by increased _________ and __________
INHALANTS
these are chemicals that are ingested by breathing them in or “huffing.”
HIGH
most inhalants produce a _________ feeling, although they aren’t addictive as other drugs
PAINT THINNER, NAIL POLISH REMOVER, GASOLINE
common examples of inhalants
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE ACT
in response to drug epidemic, this act establishes five pharmacology classifications of drugs or schedules.
1970
the federal government passed the controlled substance act in _________
MEDICAL USE; MISUSE; ADDICTION RISK
the drug’s schedule is based on the potential______, _______, and ________
SINGLE CONVENTION ON NARCOTIC DRUGS
the U.S. must use certain drug classifications to comply with diplomatic agreements, these agreements include the______________________
SCHEDULE V
have the lowest penalties and few regulations; have medical purpose
LOWEST RISK
schedule v drugs have the __________ of misuse and addiction
LOMOTIL, MOTOFEN, LYRICA
common schedule v drugs
SCHEDULE IV
the regulations and penalties for these drugs are a little more than schedule V drugs, but they are less than schedule III drugs; have a medical purpose
LOW RISK
schedule iv drugs have a _____________ of misuse and addiction
AMBIEN, DARCOVET, TRAMADOL
common examples of schedule iv drugs
SCHEDULE III
have harsher penalties and more regulations than schedule IV drugs, however, they are less than a schedule II drug; have a medical purpose
LOW; LOW TO MEDIUM
schedule III drugs have a _____ misuse rate and a __________ risk of addiction
ANABOLIC STEROIDS, KETAMINE, VICODIN
common examples of schedule iii drugs
SCHEDULE II
lesser regulations and penalties than schedule I drugs; have a medical purpose
HIGH; SEVERE
schedule II drug have a _______ risk of misuse and _________ addiction risk
CODEINE, METHADONE, RITALIN
common examples of schedule II drugs
SCHEDULE I
the most regulated and have the harshest penalties of all drugs; do not have a medical purpose
HIGH
schedule I drugs have a ________ risk of misuse and addiction
ECSTACY, QUAALUDES, GHB
common examples of schedule I drugs
GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE
GHB; can treat excessive daytime drowsiness (narcolepsy) and can also treat alcohol misuse, substance withdrawal, and more.
SODIUM OXYBATE or XYREM
GHB has legitimate medical uses prescribed under the name ____________
GAMMABUTYROLACTONE
identical to GHB but is used as a stain, rust, and superglue remover
URINE, BLOOD, SALIVA, HAIR, FINGERNAIL
methods available for GHB testing
URINE TEST
GHB is detectable in urine for up to 12 hours after ingestion and is most detectable 4 hours after consumption.
BLOOD TEST
one of the most effective testing methods for GHB misuse, being
detectable for up to 72 hours; detected after 30 minutes of consumption
CLOSER
blood test is more effective _________ to the time of an offense (not for an ongoing court case like child custody)
SALIVA TEST
less reliable testing; GHB traces are most detectable within 10 minutes of consumption and can remain detectable for up to 6 hours
HAIR TEST
most reliable testing; GHB naturally occurs in this part and is cut into 0.5 cm for testing; the detection window is up to 90 days.
FINGERNAIL TEST
a _____________for GHB is the same as a hair test - there's nothing reliable on the market that would be suitable for legal proceedings
OTC, PRESCRIPTION, DANGEROUS, EXEMPT DRUG PREPARATIONS
classification of drugs
REGULATED AND PROHIBITED
2 types of dangerous drug
REGULATED DRUGS
drugs that are allowed to be prescribed
PROHIBITED DRUGS
drugs that are not allowed to be prescribed
EXEMPT DRUG PREPARATIONS
drugs that are prepped only by the pharmacists; consumable only within an hour
CNS DRUGS, MUSCULOSKELETAL DRUGS, ANTI-INFECTIVES, IMMUNOLOGICALS, CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS, DIURETIC
pharmacologic/therapeutic categories of the drug
ANALGESICS
a drug that suppresses pain perception without inducing loss of consciousness
PARACETAMOL, IBUPROFEN, TRAMADOL HCl
examples of analgesics
LOCAL ANESTHETIC
a drug that eliminates pain perception in a limited body area by local action on sensory nerves
PROPARACAINE HCl, LIDOCAINE HCl, BUPIVACAINE HCl
examples of local anesthetic
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