DRUG CLASSIFICATION PART 1

DRUG

a chemical substance, typically of known structure, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect.

DRUG

a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or to promote well-being.

BIOLOGICAL

when drug is administered to a living organism, it produces a _______ effect.

MEDICATION/MEDICINE

a pharmaceutical drug is also called __________

CHEMICAL MAKEUP, EFFECTS, LEGAL DEFINITION

the main methods of drug classifications

SAFE AND BENEFICIAL

the purpose of drug classification is to ensure drug use is…

Alcohol, Opioids, Benzodiazepines, Cannabinoids, Barbiturates

classification of drugs by CHEMICAL MAKEUP

ALCOHOL

the most misused substance

EUPHORIA

the effects of alcohol include _________, lower ambitions, impairs judgment, perception, and reaction time.

LIVER

alcohol causes severe long-term ________ damage.

BEER, WINE, LIQUOR

forms of alcohol

OPIOIDS

they work by attaching to brain neurotransmitters and block the signals

they send.

OPIATES

other term for opioids

OPIUM

opioids came from _______ or chemicals that mimic it.

PAIN KILLERS

opiods are strong _______

DEADLY

opioids, just like they are addictive, they are

also _______

HEROIN, FENTANYL, OXYCODONE

common types of opioids

BENZODIAZEPINES

function by interacting with the neurotransmitter GABA-A

(gamma-aminobutyric acid-A)

GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-A

GABA-A means _________

BENZOS

other term for benzodiazepines

MENTAL; SLEEP

benzos treat a variety of _________ issues and _______ conditions

MENTAL PROBLEMS

benzos cause many medical and ________ when misused

ATIVAN, VALIUM, XANAX

common forms of benzos

XANAX WITHDRAWAL

misuse of xanax can cause _______

CANNABINOIDS

a drug class chemically similar to THC or

tetrahydrocannabinol

2ND MOST ABUSED

cannabinoids are considered as the ____________ drug, but are becoming legally acceptable now

TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL

THC means _____________

THC

it is the active ingredient of marijuana

HAPPINESS

cannabinoids cause feelings of _________, but also do serious mental and physical harm

MARIJUANA, HASHISH, SHATTER, DISTILLATE

common examples of cannabinoids

BARBITURATES

derivatives of barbituric acid and slow down the CNS

ANESTHESIA; EPILEPSY; HEADACHES

barbiturates are still used for ______, _______, and _______.

OVERDOSE

barbiturates have high _________ rates

AMYTAL, LUMINAL, PENTOBARBITAL

examples of barbiturates

DEPRESSANTS, STIMULANTS, HALLUCINOGENS, INHALANTS

classification of drugs based on EFFECTS

DEPRESSANTS

create feelings of relaxation and tiredness

DOWNERS

other term for depressants

HIGH; BUZZ

depressants are useful for mental illness and sleep issues, but they are highly misused as they create a _____or ______

ALCOHOL, OPIATES, BARBITURATES

common forms of depressants

STIMULANTS

increase energy, focus, and wakefulness.

RUSH; PRODUCTIVITY

stimulants provide a ______ and its short-term use increases ________

UPPERS

other term for stimulants

ADDERALL, COCAINE, METH

common examples of stimulants

HALLUCINOGENS

alters a person’s perception of reality

AUDITORY; VISUAL

hallucinogens often lead to ________ and ________ hallucinations or tripping

LESS

hallucinogens are ______ addictive than other drug classifications, but their fast-acting effects are more severe

LSD, PCP, PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOMS

examples of hallucinogens

LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE

commonly known as LSD, IT is a potent psychedelic drug that intensifies

thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception

ACID/LUCY

LSD is often referred to as _____ or ______

MYTICAL; SPIRITUAL, RELIGIOUS

LSD can cause________, _________ and ________ experiences

MIND-ALTERING

LSD is one of the strongest ____________ chemical

PHENCYCLIDINE

an illegal street drug that usually comes as a white powder, which can be dissolved in water or alcohol

POWDER; LIQUID

PCP can be bought as a _________ or a ________

INHALED, INJECTED, SMOKED, SWALLOWED

PCP can be used in different ways such as…

PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOM

are mushrooms that contain hallucinogens - usually psilocybin and psilocin.

MAGIC MUSHROOMS

psilocybin mushrooms are also called as ________

SEE; FEEL; HEAR

taking magic mushrooms may cause you to ____, _____ or ___ things that are not there

HEART RATE; BLOOD PRESSURE

taking magic mushrooms may cause anxiety, fear, nauseam and muscle twitches accompanied by increased _________ and __________

INHALANTS

these are chemicals that are ingested by breathing them in or “huffing.”

HIGH

most inhalants produce a _________ feeling, although they aren’t addictive as other drugs

PAINT THINNER, NAIL POLISH REMOVER, GASOLINE

common examples of inhalants

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE ACT

in response to drug epidemic, this act establishes five pharmacology classifications of drugs or schedules.

1970

the federal government passed the controlled substance act in _________

MEDICAL USE; MISUSE; ADDICTION RISK

the drug’s schedule is based on the potential______, _______, and ________

SINGLE CONVENTION ON NARCOTIC DRUGS

the U.S. must use certain drug classifications to comply with diplomatic agreements, these agreements include the______________________

SCHEDULE V

have the lowest penalties and few regulations; have medical purpose

LOWEST RISK

schedule v drugs have the __________ of misuse and addiction

LOMOTIL, MOTOFEN, LYRICA

common schedule v drugs

SCHEDULE IV

the regulations and penalties for these drugs are a little more than schedule V drugs, but they are less than schedule III drugs; have a medical purpose

LOW RISK

schedule iv drugs have a _____________ of misuse and addiction

AMBIEN, DARCOVET, TRAMADOL

common examples of schedule iv drugs

SCHEDULE III

have harsher penalties and more regulations than schedule IV drugs, however, they are less than a schedule II drug; have a medical purpose

LOW; LOW TO MEDIUM

schedule III drugs have a _____ misuse rate and a __________ risk of addiction

ANABOLIC STEROIDS, KETAMINE, VICODIN

common examples of schedule iii drugs

SCHEDULE II

lesser regulations and penalties than schedule I drugs; have a medical purpose

HIGH; SEVERE

schedule II drug have a _______ risk of misuse and _________ addiction risk

CODEINE, METHADONE, RITALIN

common examples of schedule II drugs

SCHEDULE I

the most regulated and have the harshest penalties of all drugs; do not have a medical purpose

HIGH

schedule I drugs have a ________ risk of misuse and addiction

ECSTACY, QUAALUDES, GHB

common examples of schedule I drugs

GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE

GHB; can treat excessive daytime drowsiness (narcolepsy) and can also treat alcohol misuse, substance withdrawal, and more.

SODIUM OXYBATE or XYREM

GHB has legitimate medical uses prescribed under the name ____________

GAMMABUTYROLACTONE

identical to GHB but is used as a stain, rust, and superglue remover

URINE, BLOOD, SALIVA, HAIR, FINGERNAIL

methods available for GHB testing

URINE TEST

GHB is detectable in urine for up to 12 hours after ingestion and is most detectable 4 hours after consumption.

BLOOD TEST

one of the most effective testing methods for GHB misuse, being

detectable for up to 72 hours; detected after 30 minutes of consumption

CLOSER

blood test is more effective _________ to the time of an offense (not for an ongoing court case like child custody)

SALIVA TEST

less reliable testing; GHB traces are most detectable within 10 minutes of consumption and can remain detectable for up to 6 hours

HAIR TEST

most reliable testing; GHB naturally occurs in this part and is cut into 0.5 cm for testing; the detection window is up to 90 days.

FINGERNAIL TEST

a _____________for GHB is the same as a hair test - there's nothing reliable on the market that would be suitable for legal proceedings

OTC, PRESCRIPTION, DANGEROUS, EXEMPT DRUG PREPARATIONS

classification of drugs

REGULATED AND PROHIBITED

2 types of dangerous drug

REGULATED DRUGS

drugs that are allowed to be prescribed

PROHIBITED DRUGS

drugs that are not allowed to be prescribed

EXEMPT DRUG PREPARATIONS

drugs that are prepped only by the pharmacists; consumable only within an hour

CNS DRUGS, MUSCULOSKELETAL DRUGS, ANTI-INFECTIVES, IMMUNOLOGICALS, CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS, DIURETIC

pharmacologic/therapeutic categories of the drug

ANALGESICS

a drug that suppresses pain perception without inducing loss of consciousness

PARACETAMOL, IBUPROFEN, TRAMADOL HCl

examples of analgesics

LOCAL ANESTHETIC

a drug that eliminates pain perception in a limited body area by local action on sensory nerves

PROPARACAINE HCl, LIDOCAINE HCl, BUPIVACAINE HCl

examples of local anesthetic