unit 8 whap vocab

united nations

an international organization founded in 1945, replacing the league of nations, to maintain international peace and security

truman doctrine

foreign policy initiative established in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman, aimed at containing the spread of communism

non-aligned movement

founded with the view to advancing interests of developing countries in the context of Cold War confrontation

marshall plan

proposed that the United States provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe with aim to prevent the spread of communism in an “unstable region”

proxy war

a conflict where major powers avoid direct military confrontation by supporting opposing sides in a regional conflict through third parties or "proxies"

nato

an alliance between 12 nations founded in 1949 to counter the perceived threat of Soviet expansion and communism

warsaw pact

military alliance formed in 1955 between the Soviet Union and several Eastern European countries as a countermeasure to NATO

mao zedong

Chinese communist revolutionary and founding father of the People's Republic of China

great leap forward

economic and social campaign initiated by the Chinese Communist Party aimed at rapidly transforming the country into a socialist society through forced collectivization and industrialization

cultural revolution

a sociopolitical movement in China launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, aimed at purging capitalist and traditional elements and preserving communism

muhammad rezi pahlavi

shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979, who maintained a pro-Western foreign policy and fostered economic development in Iran

kwame nkrumah

prominent Ghanaian politician and activist who became the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana, leading the country to independence

suez crisis

Britain, France, and Israel invaded Egypt, triggered by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's nationalization of an area, ultimately leading to international pressure and the withdrawal of the invading forces

muslim league

an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations.

yom kippur war

a conflict fought primarily between Israel on one side and Egypt and Syria on the other

muhammad ali jinnah

Indian Muslim politician who founded the state of Pakistan

metropole

a large city of a former colonial ruler where many immigrants moved to from their newly independent countries due to ww2 chaos and other conflicts

shining path

Peruvian revolutionary organization that endorsed Maoism and employed guerrilla tactics and violent terrorism

nelson mandela

figure in the anti-apartheid movement and South Africa's first democratically elected president

mikhail gorbachev

last leader of soviet union

detente

the easing of strained relations, especially between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, through increased diplomacy and arms control agreements

glasnsot

soviet policy of opening up soviet society and the political process by granting greater freedom

perestroika

attempts to restructure the soviet economy to allow elements of free enterprise

tiananmen square

peaceful protest in china in 1989 against government corruption met with violence from chinese authority