HIV & AIDS III

Persistent (chronic) infection, Severe long-term immunosuppression (no recovery), Infection and severe depletion of T cells, Deadly opportunistic infections

HIV vs. Measles (HIV)

usually only acute-almost always no viral persistence, Immunosuppression improves, eventually (weeks to months to years), Depletion of T and B cell memory, Deadly opportunistic infections

HIV vs. Measles (Measles)

Antiretroviral drugs

How is HIV treated?

1987

in ____ the first antiretroviral drug was developed (AZT)

It inhibits RT, Lots of side effects, Monotherapy (use of a single drug) led to the virus building immunity to the drug

What did AZT do?

many

We now have ____ drugs to treat HIV infection

steps of the HIV lifecycle

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) targets multiple

evolve to escape

Using drugs together means virus can’t easily

inhibitors

in ART there are ________ to block binding and fusion

structure of the vision (uncoating)

in ART there is a New compound that targets

reverse transcriptase

in ART AZT prevents

integrase

ART has _________ inhibitors

protease

In ART there are _______ inhibitors that do not have maturation

3

in ART you Use _ drugs at one time

one of the drugs for another available one

If the virus is becoming resistant then they swap out

step

There are many drugs for each

incorporation into the genome

Despite these drugs there is no cure because they cannot get the virus out of the cell due to its

continuously

HAART must be administered ___________ to avoid virus rebounding

whole life

Infected cells can exist in your body for one’s

spark

If you stop therapies then the virus will have a major

impossible

Latent HIV can reactivate which makes cures with ART

-70

If someone stays on therapies it would take ___ years for the infected cells to decay

tissue and cell types

Latent HIV is found in many ______ ___ ____ _____ throughout the body

cleared and can rebound

HIV infection is not

>96% effective

Treatment as prevention is ____ effective

undetectable level of HIV

People who are caught early and start treatment you can bring them down to an

gives people a healthy immune system, No transmission with viral suppression

What does having an undetectable level of HIV entail?

PrEP

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis

99%

PrEp can reduce your chance of getting HIV from sex by

over 74%

If PrEP is taken via injections the change of getting HIV is reduced by

adherence

PrEP requires high levels of

HIV capsid

Lenacapivir (Given in PrEP) targets

prolong

ART/treatment can ______ the life expectancy of People with HIV

have a higher risk for certain cancers and have higher risk of developing neurocognitive disorders

HIV+ ART+ individuals still

They do not have the spikes or envelope proteins you can generate antibodies to

Why is it hard to make an HIV vaccine?

DNA in cells

CRISPR is a method to change

a cure may be possible

(Very) few cases of transient or sustained remission off ART suggest that

cured

Some people who got blood cancer and needed stem cell transfer became ____ of HIV

Some got stem cells with resistance to HIV

Why did the people who received the stem cell transfer become cured?

CCR5 “Delta 32”

ells from some people are mostly resistant to HIV

protein to get to surface thus causing the virus to lose a key aspect in getting into cells

Mutation of CCR5 doesn’t allow

10%

This CCR5 mutation can have up to ___ presence in populations

prevent virus from replication

We could try to take people immune cells out of their body modify ccr5 gene and give cells back to