GOVSEA: TOPIC 1 The Etymology of Southeast Asia

Shakespeare's rose

Some who study the region treat it as if it were ________ a reality existing independently of its name.

hallucinating unicorns

Others would agree with Waddell that an observer of "Southeast Asia," who uses the name incautiously, risks projecting homogeneity, unity, and boundedness

Assuva

Asia from “_________” around 1235 BC, a Hittite king reported to have conquered a place or people of that name, apparently a league of states or tribes (the term may have meant "allies" or "friends")

South of China, East of India.

“Southeast" implies additional peripheries:_________ and _______Westerners used these more "familiar shapes of India to the West and China to the north"…why not the Southwest Pacific?

Far East

Southeast Asia was known as the ________  until 1950

Either American cleric Howard Malcom or British anthropologist JR Logan

Who really coined Southeast Asia?

Viennese Robert Heine-Geldern

“founder of Southeast Asian studies,” actively promoted American awareness of Southeast Asia and spearheaded research and studies into the region

1. World War 2 popularized the name Southeast Asia

2. Japan’s invasion

What war does popularized Southeast Asia 1.___________

Before 1942, there was no value in discussing the region as it was overshadowed by impressions of India and China; 2. _________ soon changed that.

making maps

Making war meant _________and Southeast Asia was put on the map for the first time to enable Americans to effectively defeat the Japanese Imperial Army.

Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten

global scale of those moves required the demarcation of regional theaters, one of which was_______ the commander of SEAC

1. South-East Asia Command (SEAC)

2. Anglo-American Quebec Conference

3. Philippines Islands, Malay Archipelago and East of Sumatra

1. ___________ this organization was created in 1943 at the

2. ____________.

3. never covered the _________, and for most of its life, it excluded the ___________ and _________ as well.

• Christmas Island-Australia

• Sri Lanka-South Asia, Laccadive

• Nicobar Islands-India

• the Maldives-independent).

SEAC included four future countries or parts of countries that would ultimately fall outside the generally accepted scope of the term.

WW2 affected the idea of Southeast Asia in 3 ways:

1st: The region was made visible. 

2nd: The name "Southeast Asia" was legitimized, its range was reduced without being fixed.

3rd: The war gave to "Southeast Asia" a strongly political connotation

University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies and at Yale University.

In 1945, Southeast Asian Studies units were established at the universities_________

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).

Born in Manila in 1954 in a feat of Cold War gerrymandering, kept the name political and visible while further confusing its meaning. 

Pakistan

joined the SEATO to express anti-Indian sentiment, and the US put in a caveat re places subject to communist aggression

1977

• In 1956 and 1962, respectively, the governments of Cambodia and Laos repudiated SEATO.

• In 1972, Pakistan withdrew.

• In 1975, South Vietnam ceased to exist.

• In_______ ended the SEATO

• South East Asia Command (SEAC)

• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

• Were Anglo-American initiatives

  • respectively anti-Japanese and anticommunist.

  • Neither was anticolonial.

  • SEAC facilitated the reassertion of the status quo ante bellum.

1. SEATO contradicted itself

2. British Colonial Government

1. SEATO__________

Its members had sworn in Manila to "uphold equal rights and the self-determination of peoples" while opposing "any attempt in the treaty area to subvert freedom to destroy [the signatories 'sovereignty or territorial integrity],

presumably including that of 2. ____________ in

• Malaya

• Singapore

• Sarawak

• Brunei,

• North Borneo.

 Thailand and the Philippines

Southeast Asia countries that ________ and ________joined Malaya in an Association of Southeast Asia (ASA) that lasted until 1967.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on 1964. 

when the two core (Philippines and Thailand) countries combined with Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia to found the______________.

1. Philippines

2. Thailand

3. Malaysia

4. Indonesia

5. Singapore

First 5 members that formed the ASEAN.

1. Brunei

2. Independent at the close of 1983

3. Capitalist ASEAN States, Socialist Burma and Communist Indo China

As a Muslim-sultanate-cum British protectorate, appeared 1.___________more inward-looking than the ASEAN five.

But the latter's orientations seemed likely to characterize Brunei too outward looking when it became fully 2. __________, and to facilitate its joining the Association.

That would complete the region's articulation by policy type into "3. ___________, ____________ and the__________ countries of Indochina.

1. Philippines

2. Yunnan, Hainan and Formosa of China

Foreign scholars and journalists disagreed about boundaries, with some wanting to exclude the1. ________  because it ide the mainstream of historical developments in the region, while others wanted to add the provinces of________,__________ and ___________

Became casualties of this redefinition because they were still under the influence of the colonizers.

1. Dutch New Guinea

2. Malaysia

3. Singapore,

4. America's South Vietnam,

5. Portuguese Timor

Otherwise desperate, __________, _________, _________America's South Vietnam, and Portuguese Timor became casualties of this redefinition.

 Indonesia

By the late 1970s, after the annexation of Portuguese Timor by

1. Burma

2. Thailand

3. Laos

4. Cambodia

5. Vietnam

6. Malaysia

7. Singapore

8. Indonesia

9. Philippines

10. and to-be-independent Brunei.

considered "Southeast Asia "to consist of ten political units:

1. Ceylon (Sri Lanka)

2. the Andamans

3. the Nicobars

4. Assam

5. Yunnan

6. Hainan

7. Formosa (Taiwan)

Countries that had all fallen away, despite strong nonpolitical arguments for including them.

How has the indigenization of Southeast Asian studies impacted Southeast Asia? 

• In the not-too-distant future, if ASEAN were to go out of existence, its ex-members would almost certainly not cease being "Southeast Asian" in a cartographic sense.

• "Southeast Asia" should prove more stable than the region to which it refers.

  • Unlike the "Near" and "Far East", the name does not betray the location of an outside namer.

    • Because it is not a reminder of dependence, the term is easier for the region's inhabitants to use.

Sudostasien

Published in 1923 was the first scholarly collection of the evidence then available regarding virtually all aspects of the world-be region's cultures.

1. Adolf Bastian

2. Franz Heger

3. Viennese P. W. Schmidt

The Germans ________,________ and________travelled widely in the area and innovated the comparative study of its myths, religions, and artifacts