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Why does fractional distillation take place?
takes place as crude oil as a mixture is useless and has to be separated by refining for industry use
What property enables the alkanes to be separated?
The boiling points of alkanes allow the mixture to be seperated
What is the process of separating crude oil called?
Fractional distillation
What is each seperated part of crude oil called?
A fraction
What is the process of fractional distillation?( First 2 points )
1-Crude oil is heated up so alkanes turn into vapour
2-Vapours are sent into a fractionating column,which is hot at the bottom and cool at the top
What is the process of fractional distillation? ( Last 2 parts )
3-Gases rise up the column,as they rise up they cool down.When they reach their boiling point they condense back into a liquid and can be collected 4-Each fraction has a different boiling so is collected at different levels
What are the first 6 alkanes?
Liquified petroleum gas , Petrol , Kerosene , Diesel ,Heavy fuel oil , Bitumen
What are the properties to a small molecule?
Lower boiling point
Less viscous
Very flammable
What are the properties of a large molecule?
Higher boiling point
Less flammable
Very viscous
Why are long chain hydrocarbons more viscous?
As molecules get larger, there are more electrons in the molecules and a greater surface area contact between them, and forces of attraction between the molecules increases
What is crude oil?
Mixture of compound formed by remains of plankton from millions of years ago buried under mud. The compounds are hydrocarbons.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made of carbons and hydrogen
What is a compound?
2 or more different elements chemically combined
What is a mixture?
2 or more elements not chemically combined
First 4 alkanes
Methane, ethane , propane , butane
What is a covalent bond?
Two non-metals sharing electrons
