11. Hellenism & Alexander

Greek Education

Greeks developed primary and secondary levels of education, influenced by trade and prosperity from diverse ideas.

Greek Democracy

Athens' direct democracy involved citizens voting on proposed laws, laying the foundation for modern democratic republics.

Greek Literature and Drama

Greeks pioneered comedies, tragedies, and epic poems like The Odyssey, influencing modern entertainment.

Greek Architecture

Greeks excelled in architecture, creating iconic structures like the Parthenon and using various column styles.

Greek Mathematics

Greek mathematicians introduced concepts like pi, Euclidean proofs, and the Pythagorean Theorem still used today.

Greek Philosophy

Socrates challenged values, Plato founded the Academy of Athens, and Aristotle laid the basis for the scientific method.

Greek Astronomy and Geography

Greeks made early strides in astronomy, debated the cosmos, and influenced later astronomers.

Greek Engineering

Archimedes designed innovative machines like levers and catapults, showcasing Greek engineering prowess.

Greek Art and Sculptures

Greek sculptures emphasized realism and ideal human beauty, setting standards for art.

Greek Medicine

Hippocrates, the "father of modern medicine," introduced new medical practices and the Hippocratic Oath emphasizing patient care.