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What is the definition of linguistic anthropology according to Duranti?
The study of language in relation to its social and cultural context.
What is linguistic relativity?
The theory that the structure of a language affects its speakers' worldview or cognition.
What is the difference between competence and performance in language?
Competence is the knowledge of language rules, while performance is the actual use of language in context.
What is a speech community?
A group of people who share a common language or dialect and use it to communicate.
Define phoneme. Give an example of a minimal pair.
A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning; for example, 'bat' and 'pat'.
What are the types of morphemes?
Free morphemes can stand alone, while bound morphemes cannot stand alone.
What are the three language typologies?
Isolating, agglutinating, and polysynthetic.
What is the difference between inflection and word order?
Inflection involves changing a word to express different grammatical features, while word order refers to the arrangement of words in a sentence.
What are the types of word order in syntax?
Common types include Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) and Subject-Object-Verb (SOV).
What are the four parameters of sign language?
Handshape, location, movement, and palm orientation.
Explain iconicity in sign language.
Iconicity refers to the resemblance between the sign and its meaning.
What does the term 'form-meaning arbitrariness' refer to?
The idea that the relationship between the form of a word and its meaning is arbitrary.
What is meant by the independence of meaning and syntax?
The concept that meaning is not necessarily tied to the syntactic structure of a sentence.
What are universal innate aspects of grammar?
Common grammatical structures that are thought to be naturally occurring across all languages.