Quiz _1 Study Guide (151 Clemente)(1).docx

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Linguistics 150 HC

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14 Terms

1
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What is the definition of linguistic anthropology according to Duranti?

The study of language in relation to its social and cultural context.

2
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What is linguistic relativity?

The theory that the structure of a language affects its speakers' worldview or cognition.

3
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What is the difference between competence and performance in language?

Competence is the knowledge of language rules, while performance is the actual use of language in context.

4
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What is a speech community?

A group of people who share a common language or dialect and use it to communicate.

5
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Define phoneme. Give an example of a minimal pair.

A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning; for example, 'bat' and 'pat'.

6
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What are the types of morphemes?

Free morphemes can stand alone, while bound morphemes cannot stand alone.

7
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What are the three language typologies?

Isolating, agglutinating, and polysynthetic.

8
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What is the difference between inflection and word order?

Inflection involves changing a word to express different grammatical features, while word order refers to the arrangement of words in a sentence.

9
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What are the types of word order in syntax?

Common types include Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) and Subject-Object-Verb (SOV).

10
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What are the four parameters of sign language?

Handshape, location, movement, and palm orientation.

11
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Explain iconicity in sign language.

Iconicity refers to the resemblance between the sign and its meaning.

12
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What does the term 'form-meaning arbitrariness' refer to?

The idea that the relationship between the form of a word and its meaning is arbitrary.

13
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What is meant by the independence of meaning and syntax?

The concept that meaning is not necessarily tied to the syntactic structure of a sentence.

14
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What are universal innate aspects of grammar?

Common grammatical structures that are thought to be naturally occurring across all languages.