APUSH Chapter 3: Questions & Connections

Why did the Protestant Reformation matter to the settlement of the Northern Colonies?

It created religious divisions in Europe and England that eventually produced groups such as the Puritans and Separatists, encouraging religious migration to North America.

What is the difference between Puritans and Separatists?

Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England from within, while Separatists believed the Church could not be fixed and wanted to leave it completely.

Why did the Pilgrims leave Holland and come to North America?

They worried their children were becoming culturally Dutch and wanted a place where they could maintain their English Protestant identity.

Why is the Mayflower Compact important?

It showed that colonists could create their own government and agree to follow laws they established, making it an early example of colonial self-government.

How were Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay different?

Plymouth was founded by Separatist Pilgrims, while Massachusetts Bay was founded primarily by Puritans who wanted to establish a Puritan society.

Why did Puritans migrate to Massachusetts Bay?

They wanted to escape religious and political pressure in England and establish a society based on Puritan beliefs.

How did predestination influence Puritan society?

Because Puritans believed God had already determined salvation, they emphasized living morally and religiously as evidence that someone might be one of God's chosen people.

Why was Massachusetts Bay not a full democracy?

Although it had self-government and town meetings, voting was restricted mainly to male church members who qualified as freemen.

What was the purpose of town meetings?

They allowed local community members to discuss and vote on issues, giving colonists experience with local self-government.

What was the "City upon a Hill"?

John Winthrop's idea that Massachusetts Bay should be a model Christian society that would serve as an example to the world.

Why did religious dissent develop in Massachusetts Bay?

The colony closely connected religion and government and punished people who challenged Puritan beliefs, causing dissenters to seek other places to live.

Why was Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts Bay?

She challenged Puritan religious authority and emphasized a personal relationship with God, which threatened the authority of Puritan ministers.

Why was Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts Bay?

He opposed the colony's religious policies and argued for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair treatment of Native Americans.

How did Roger Williams influence Rhode Island?

He helped establish Rhode Island as a colony emphasizing religious freedom and separation of church and state.

Why did Thomas Hooker help establish Connecticut?

He left Massachusetts Bay and established a settlement partly because of disagreements with its religious and political restrictions.

What do the Mayflower Compact and Fundamental Orders of Connecticut have in common?

Both were early examples of colonists creating systems of self-government rather than relying entirely on direct English control.

Why did English-Native American relations become worse over time?

As more English settlers arrived, they demanded more Native American land, causing increasing competition, distrust, and warfare.

Why were Native Americans especially vulnerable to European colonization?

European diseases caused enormous population losses, weakening Native communities before and during increasing English settlement.

Why was the Pequot War important?

It demonstrated the growing violence caused by English expansion and showed that Native groups sometimes allied with the English against other Native groups.

Why did Metacom start King Philip's War?

He attempted to unite Native peoples against increasing English settlement and loss of Native land.

What was the result of King Philip's War?

The English defeated the Native resistance, weakening Native power and allowing English control over New England to expand.

Why was the New England Confederation created?

Several colonies joined together in 1643 to provide collective defense against Native Americans and other threats.

Why did England create the Dominion of New England?

England wanted to strengthen royal control, improve colonial administration, enforce trade laws, and reduce colonial self-government.

Why did colonists oppose Edmund Andros?

Andros restricted colonial self-government, town meetings, courts, press, schools, and other freedoms while increasing royal authority.

How did the Glorious Revolution affect New England?

The overthrow of King James II in England gave New England colonists an opportunity to overthrow Edmund Andros and resist the Dominion of New England.

Why did the Dutch establish New Netherland?

The Dutch were primarily interested in trade and profit, especially the profitable fur trade.

How did New Netherland become New York?

England seized the Dutch colony, renamed New Amsterdam as New York, and took control of the region.

Why were the Middle Colonies called the "Breadbasket of the New World"?

Their fertile soil and favorable conditions allowed them to produce large quantities of grain for local use and export.

How did the Middle Colonies differ from New England?

The Middle Colonies were generally more ethnically and religiously diverse and had fertile farmland and a grain-based economy, while New England had stronger Puritan influence and economies based more on fishing, lumber, shipbuilding, and trade.

How did religious conflict actually increase religious freedom in some colonies?

Religious intolerance in Massachusetts caused dissenters to leave and establish colonies such as Rhode Island and Pennsylvania, where religious tolerance became more important.