WCUI Exit Interview Questions

What is the normal measurment for the aorta?

Less than < 3 cm (30 mm)

What is the normal measurment for the Main Portal Vein?

Less than < 13 mm (1.3 cm)

What is the normal measurment for the liver craniocaudal?

Less than < 15 - 17 cm (150 -170 mm)

What is the normal measurment for the common bile duct (CBD)?

Less than < 6 mm (0.6 cm) up to 60 years old. 1 mm (0.1 cm) for every 10 years of age

What is the normal measurment for the gallbladder wall?

Less than < 3 mm (0.3 cm)

What is the normal measurments for an adult kidney?

Lenght 9-12 cm and width 5-7 cm

What is the normal measurment for the spleen?

Length less than < 13 cm (130 mm), width less than < 4 cm (40 mm)

What is the normal measurement for the urinary bladder wall?

Less than < 6 mm (0.6 cm) (non distended)

What is the normal measurment for the thyroid isthmus?

Less than or equal to 0.4 cm ( 4 mm)

What is the normal ICA Peak systolic velocity (PSV)?

Less than 125 cm/s

What is the normal ICA/CCA ratio?

Less than < 2.0

What is the normal ICA end diastolic velocity (EDV)?

Less than < 40 cm/s

What is the ICA PSV for less than 50% stenosis?

Less than 125 cm/s

What is the % of plaque estimation for less than 50% stenosis?

less than 50%

What is the ICA/CCA PSV ratio for less than 50% stenosis?

Less than 2.0 cm/s

What is the ICA EDV for less than 50% stenosis?

Less than 40 cm/s

What is the ICA PSV for 50-69% stenosis?

125-230 cm/s

What is % of plaque estimation for 50-69% stenosis?

Greater than 50%

What is the ICA/CCA PSV ratio for 50-69% stenosis?

2.0 - 4.0

What is the ICA EDV for 50-69 % stenosis?

40-100 cm/s

What is the ICA PSV for greater than 70% stenosis but less than near occlusion?

Greater than 230 cm/s

What is the % of plaque estimation for greater than 70% stenosis but less than near occlusion?

Greater than 50%

What is the ICA/CCA PSV ratio for greater than 70% stenosis but less than near occlusion?

Greater than 4.0

What is the ICA EDV for greater than 70% stenosis but less than near occlusion?

Greatert than 100 cm/s

What is the ICA PSV for near occlusion?

High, low or undetectible

What is the % of plaque estimation for near occlusion?

Visible

What is the ICA/CCA PSV ratio for near occlusion?

Variable

What is the ICA EDV for near occlusion?

Variable

What is the ICA PSV for total occlusion?

Undetectable

What is the % of plaque estimate for total occlusion?

Visible, no detectable lumen

What is the ICA/CCA PSV ratio for total occlusion?

N/A

What is the ICA EDV for total occlusion?

N/A

What is the PSV and ICA/CCA ratio for 0-19% stenosis for stented carotid artery?

PSV is less than 150 cm/s and ICA/CCA ratio is less than 2.15

What is the PSV for 20-49% stenosis for stented carotid artery?

PSV is 150-219 cm/s

What is the PSV and ICA/CCA ratio for 50-79% stenosis for stented carotid artery?

PSV 220-339 cm/s and ICA/CCa ratio greater than or equal to 2.7

What is the PSV and ICA/CCA ratio for 80-99% stenosis for stented carotid artery?

PSV is greater than or equal to 340 cm/s and ICA/CCA ratio is greater than or equal to 4.15

CIMT

carotid intima media thickness

Risk for cardio vascular disease (CVD) is based on what?

CIMT values

What is the normal CIMT?

Less than 0.8 mm (0.08 cm)

What is the abnormal CIMT?

Greater than 0.8 mm (0.08 cm)

What is the formula for ABI?

highest pressure of 2 ankle arteries divided by brachial artery systolic pressure. The higher of 2 brachial systolic pressure measurments is used.

What is a normal ABI?

Greater than or equal to 1.0

What is the ABI of mild disease?

0.90 to less than 1.0

What is the ABI for claudication?

0.50 - 0.90

What is the ABI for severe occlusive disease?

0.30 - 0.50

What is the ABI for Ischemia?

Less than 0.30

What is the ABI for rest pain?

Less than 0.30

What is the ABI for impending gangrene?

Less than 2.0

What is the expected PSV for the aorta?

80-100 cm/s

What is the PSV for the common iliac arteries?

110 cm/s

What ithe average diameter for the common iliac artery and SD(standard deviation)?

1.6 plus or minus 2 cm

What is the average velocity and SD for the common iliac artery?

95 plus or minus 20 cm/s

What is the average diameter and SD for the external iliac artery?

0.79 plus or minus 0.13 cm

What is the velocity for the external iliac artery and SD?

119 plus or minus 22 cm/s

What is the average diameter for the common femoral artery and SD?

0.82 plus or minus 0.14 cm

What is the velocity for the common femoral artery and SD?

114 plus or minues 25 cm/s

What is the renal artery to aorta PSV ratio?

Greater than 3.5

What is the renal artery PSV for renal stenosis?

200 cm/s

A PSV of 200 cm/s for renal artery constitues what % for stenosis?

60%

What is the EDV for renal artery stenosis of greater than 80%?

150 cm/s

What is a resistive index RI?

Used to predict response of blood pressure, reanal function to renal revascularization.

What is the RI for renal artery stenosis?

Greater than 0.8

How do you calculate the RI?

1 - (EDV/PSV) x 100

Portal hypertension

the elevation of blood pressure within the portal venous system

portal hypertension has what kind of flow?

Hepatofugal (reverse) flow in the MPV or its branches, splenic vein or SMV

Right sided heart failure/tricusped valve reguritation will have what kind of flow?

increased hepatic vein pulsatility and pulsatile portal vein

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Decreaseed, absent or rereversed flow in hepatic veins. thrombosis of hepatic veins. Narrowing of IVC

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

What does PPE stand for?

personal protective equipment

What does OSHA stand for?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

What does TGC stand for and what is it's purpose?

Time gain compensation. Increases the received signal intensity at each depth to compensate for attenuation to create a uniform image.

What is attenuation?

Loss of wave amplitude or signal due to to scattering, reflection and absorption

What is PRF?

Pulse repetition frequency; the number of pulse-echo cycles per second (transmitted, waited for, received)

When there is aliasing, should you raise or lower the scale?

Raise

Aliasing occurs when the velocity reaches more than____ of the PRF?

1/2

What is dynamic range?

Range of brightness (echoes) as displayed on monitor. Used to reduce low level noise or artifacts

focal zone

the point at which the sound beam is the narrowest and the resolution is the best

The lateral resolution is best within what?

The focal zone of the beam

What advantages does a lower frequency transducer offer over a higher frequency transducer? When would you lower your frequency?

Lower frequency allows for better depth penetration for deeper structures. Higher frequency transducer provides better imaging resolution but with limited depth

Why is gel used with ultrasound?

Coupling agent to reduce the air space between the patients skin and the transducer. It removes acoustic impedance to allow for a clear image

What is the artifact that occurs directly beyond the posterior border of an anechoic, fluid filled structure and enables one to image the uterus in a pelvic exam?

Posterior acoustic enhancement or Increased through transmission

What lumen diameter would be considered an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

Greater than 3 cm or 1.5 times the normal diameter

What is a pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into the soft tissue abutting a punctured artery, with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal?

Pseudoaneurysm

What is the branch of the abdominal arota located just superior to the SMA?

Celiac trunk

What does SMA stand for?

superior mesenteric artery

What are the branches of the celiac trunk?

left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery

What organ lies just inferior to the celiac axis (seagull sign) and posterior to the stomach?

Pancreas

What is the fissure that appears as an echogenic line separating the left and the caudate lobe of the liver?

Ligamentum venosum

What is seen in the inferior left lobe of the liver as a bright triangular echogenic focus and is the fibrous remnant of the left umbilical vein?

Ligamentum teres

What is the name of a benign tumor of the liver consisting of large blood filled cystic spaces? It appearance can vary from small to large and hyperechoic to complex?

Hepatic hemangioma

What is the term for noraml portal venous flow and what direction is it flowing?

Hepatopetal, towards the liver

What is the term for portal venous flow away from the liver and is commonly caused by what condition?

Hepatofugal is commonly caused by portal hypertension due to cirrhosis of the liver

What are the sonographic characteristics of a severe fatty liver?

Increased echogenicity of the liver parenchyma

Decreased penetration of the posterior of the right lobe

Decreased to poor visualization of the diaphragm and hepatic vessels

What is cholecystitis?

Inflammation of the gallbladder. A gallstone.

What is cholelithiasis?

gallstones

What does WES stand for and what does this sign indicate?

Wall echo shadow, gallstones

What is the normal diameter of the CBD and what is choledochlithiasis?

< 6 mm (0.6 cm) and 1 mm (0.1 cm) for every 10 years of age after 60. Billiary obstruction caused by migration of gallstones.

What 2 vessesl join the make up of the portal spenic confulence?

SMV and Splenic vein

What are the 4 parts of the pancreas?

head, neck, body, tail

What ist the term for rebound tenderness localized over the right lower quadrant and what condition does it point to?

McBurney's sign, Acute appendicitis