zootcase year 11 textiles fireemoji

killing myself

staple fibres

short fibres, dull fabric

filament fibres

long and continuous fibres, shiny smooth and strong

silk

only natural filament fibre

lustre

Gloss, sheen, sparkle or shine of a fabric caused by light reflecting from the surface of the fibres, yarn and fabric

drape

how a fabric hangs or falls

handle

The way a fibre behaves/feels when used (hard/soft/firm/fluid/stiff/limp/rough)

abrasion resistance

Ability to withstand rubbing or wear and tear. This informs how durable a fibre is and how long is may last with normal use.

strength

ability to resist breaking

absorbency

ability to absorb moisture

resilience

Ability to return to the original shape or “bounce back” after being scrunched, folded or creased

dimensional stability

ability to resist shrinking or stretching

elasticity

Ability to return to the original shape or “bounce back” after being stretched or compressed

thermal properties

Ability to withstand and transfer heat

staple

are plant fibres staple or filament?

staple spun yarn

Uneven & weak, Poor lustre & durability, Good elasticity, resilience, and absorbency

used for Apparel and furnishings

monofilament yarn

Fine, strong yarn with good lustre and durability, Poor elasticity, resilience, and absorbency

used for Hosiery and invisible sewing thread

multifilament yarn

Even, strong yarn with good lustre and durability. Medium elasticity and resilience; slighty absorbent.

used for Evening wear and lingerie

staple spinning

turns short fibres (cotton and wool) into yarn. Short fibres are combed or carded, then drawn out to produce a long yarn

extrusion spinning

Creates yarns by passing a fibre-forming substance through a spinneret. The substance the solidifies to form a filament. Rayon, polyester and nylon are created by this method.

properties of low twist yarn

• Soft

• Hairy

• Low lustre

• Poor resilience

• Weak

• Poor abrasion resistance

• Good insulation

• Good absorbency

• Poor elasticity

properties of high twist yarn

• Firm

• Smooth

• Good lustre

• Good resilience

• Strong

• Good abrasion resistance

• Poor insulation

• Poor absorbency

• Good elasticity

warp knits

stretch more lengthwise

weft knits

stretch more widthwise

single knit

• are constructed by weft knitting.

• The fabric has a definite right and wrong side.

• The right side is smooth, and the wrong side is loopy.

• Single knit fabrics ladder vertically and will curl to the wrong side when cut.

• Variations to the single knit can be created by using different coloured or textured yarns.

• fabrics stretch more width ways than lengthways.

double knit

• fabrics are constructed by weft knitting.

• They are made on knitting machines with two sets of needles.

• The fabric is the same as both sides, resembling the right side of a single knit.

• Do not curl at the edges or ladder.

• As the surface is smooth, it can be printed on.

• Less elastic than single knits.

plain weave

• simplest type of weave and is the least expensive to produce.

• Weft yarns pass over one warp and under the next, then alternate on the next row

• can be made from any type of yarn

• have no right or wrong side. They are even and flat textured.

• poor resilience and are less absorbent than other weaves

twill weave

• the interlacing of the warp and weft yarns form diagonal lines in the fabric

• Weft pass over two or more warp yarns, then under one.

• have a right and wrong side and are heavier in weight than plain weaves

• They are the most durable type of weave and are often used for work clothes and denim jeans

satin weave

• will produce a smooth, luxurious cloth.

• The weft can pass over as many as 12 warp threads so that the diagonal line cannot be seen.

• can be snagged very easily.

• If a fabric is formed with this weave using filament fibres such as silk, nylon, or polyester, the corresponding fabric is termed a satin.

• If the yarns used are short-staple yarns such as cotton, the fabric formed is considered a sateen.

Color and Value

lightness or darkness of a color, plus hue. can add depth or volume

line and direction

leads the eye around a design, can contour, stretch or compress

shape

closed line, can be organic or geometric

texture

surface characteristics of a design, adds interest. both visual and tactile

proportion

the ratio of the different elements within a design

balance

are elements balanced for visual appeal?

rhythym

repeating elements add rhythym (pleats)

emphasis

creating focal points in a design

contrast

adds interest to a design, color and line can be contrasting

unity

how balanced the elements are for a pleasuring aesthetic.

Combed cotton makes for a softer feel, making it ideal for apparel such as shirting and underwear.

Would carded or combed cotton yarn be better for softer end uses?

Carded cotton is stronger and more durable, ideal of jeans, sheeting, and towelling.

Would carded or combed cotton yarn be better for workwear?