path 8- vascular tumors

are hemangiomas benign or malignant

benign

most common benign tumor

hemangioma

most common type of hemangioma

capillary hemangioma

where do capillary hemangiomas occurs

skin

oral cavity

liver

spleen

kidneys

what is seen in histo for capillary hemangioma

proliferation of thin walled capillaries with scant stroma

juvenile hemangioma

strawberry type

newborns

arise in skin, grow rapidly then fade/regress by age 7

cavernous hemangioma

large blood filled dilated vascular changes with CT stroma

do not regress

pyogenic granuloma

rapidly growing reed lesion on skin, gingival, or oral mucosa

occur following trauma

granuloma gravidarum

A pyogenic granuloma arising in the mouth of a pregnant female

lymphangioma

benign lymphatic counterpart of hemangioma

simple lymphangioma

network of endothelium lined channels w/ no RBC's

head, neck, axilla

cavernous lymphangioma

neck or axilla of children

massively dilated spaces with CT stroma and lymphoid aggregates

glomus tumor

super painful

arises from modified smooth muscle cells of glomus body

bacillary angiomatosis

vascular proliferation in immunocompromised hosts caused by bartonella infection

driven by VEGF production

bartonella henselae

cat scratch disease

necrotizing granulomatous disorder of lymph nodes in immunocompetent host

bartonella quintina

trench fever (shin bone disease)

acute recurring febrile illness

transmitted by human body lice

treatment for bacillary angiomatosis

macrolides

vascular ectasias

tumor like conditions

what are the vascular ectasias

nevus flammeus

spider telangiectasias

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias

nevus flammeus

aka birthmark

light pink to deep purple flat lesion on head or neck

usually regresses

nevus flammeus is composed of

dilated vessels

port wine stain

type of nevus flammus that grows during childhood, thickens the skin and does not fade

port wine stain in trigeminal distribution

Sturge-Weber syndrome

sturge-weber syndrome

large facial port wine stain in a child + mental deficiency

spider telangiectasia is associated with

hyperestrogenic states

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

malformations of capillaries and veins that are present at birth

s/s of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

spontaneously rupture and bleed causing nosebleeds, GI bleed, or hematuria

kaposi sarcoma

vascular neoplasm caused by HHV-8

kaposi sarcoma is associated with

AIDS

s/s of kaposi sarcoma

3 stages of cutaneous lesions in LE

1. patches

2. raised plaques

3. nodular

classic KS

older men of mediterranean, middle eastern or eastern European descent

red-purple skin plaques on distal LE

endemic African KS

HIV negative individuals < 40

inversely related to wearing shoes

transplant associated KS

solid organ transplant with T cell immunosuppression

AIDS-associated KS

most common HIV related malignant worldwide

epitheliod hemangioendothelioma

adults

occur around medium to large veins

angiosarcoma

malignant endothelial neoplasm

angiosarcoma usually affects

older adults

appearance of angiosarcoma

starts as small papule

progresses to large, fleshy red tan to gray white lesions with blurred margins, necrosis, hemorrhage

angiosarcoma can arise from

lymphedema

hepatic angiosarcoma (carcinogenic exposure)

CD31 (vWF)

endothelial origin

angiosarcoma

Hemangiopericytoma

arises from pericytes (myofibroblast like cells surrounding capillaries and venules)

rare