Appendicular Skeleton Part 1 - Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb

Flashcards covering the terminology and features of the axial vs. appendicular skeleton, the pectoral girdle, and the bones of the upper limb as presented in the Week 4 anatomy lab.

Axial Skeleton

The division of the skeleton consisting of bones in the vertical axis, including the skull, hyoid, ribs, sternum, vertebral column, and auditory ossicles.

Appendicular Skeleton

The division of the skeleton consisting of bones that "append" to the axis, including the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs.

Pectoral Girdle

A major region of the appendicular skeleton consisting of the scapulae and clavicles.

Upper Limb

The region containing the bones of the arm, forearm, wrist, hand, and fingers.

Pelvic Girdle

Consists of the coxal (hip) bones and the sacrum, which is technically part of the axial skeleton.

Head (Rib)

The portion of a typical rib containing articular facets for the superior costal facet of the corresponding thoracic vertebra.

Costal Groove

The internal channel along the shaft of a typical rib.

Clavicle

A bone of the pectoral girdle featuring a sternal end, an acromial end, and a conoid tubercle.

Acromion

The lateral projection of the scapular spine that articulates with the clavicle.

Coracoid Process

A hook-like structure on the anterior surface of the scapula, superior to the glenoid cavity.

Glenoid Cavity

The shallow depression on the lateral angle of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.

Scapular Spine

A prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula that separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae.

Subscapular Fossa

The large, shallow concavity on the anterior surface of the scapula.

Greatest Tubercle

A large prominence on the lateral aspect of the proximal humerus.

Surgical Neck

The narrowed region of the humerus distal to the tubercles, frequently involved in fractures.

Intertubercular Sulcus

A groove on the humerus located between the greater and lesser tubercles.

Deltoid Tuberosity

The V-shaped, roughened area on the lateral midpoint of the humerus shaft.

Capitulum

A rounded, marble-like knob on the lateral distal end of the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius.

Trochlea

A pulley-shaped medial surface on the distal humerus that articulates with the ulna.

Olecranon Fossa

A deep triangular depression on the posterior distal humerus that receives the olecranon process during forearm extension.

Olecranon

A large, proximal process of the ulna that forms the "point" of the elbow.

Trochlear Notch

The C-shaped notch on the proximal ulna that articulates with the humerus.

Styloid Process (Radius/Ulna)

A pointed projection found at the distal ends of both the radius and the ulna.

Radial Tuberosity

A roughened projection on the medial aspect of the radius near the neck.

Interosseous Membrane

A fibrous tissue sheet connecting the interosseous margins of the radius and ulna.

Carpal Bones

The eight bones of the wrist, arranged in two rows: the proximal row (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform) and the distal row (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate).

Metacarpals

The five bones of the hand, numbered $I$ to $V$, each consisting of a base, body, and head.

Phalanges of the Hand

The bones of the fingers, organized into proximal, middle, and distal phalanges for digits $II$ through $V$, while the thumb (digit $I$) only has proximal and distal.