APUSH semester review

How did Native Americans adapt to their environment for survival?

Coastal natives harvested food from the sea, Southwest Natives used irrigation for crops, and Plains Natives relied on hunting and gathering.

What were the effects of the Columbian Exchange?

It led to the exchange of diseases, plants, and animals, significantly reducing the Native population over 100-200 years.

Describe the Spanish colonizers' attitude toward Native Americans.

The Spanish had a harsh treatment towards Native Americans, including enslavement under the Encomienda System and forced conversions.

What characterized the French colonizers' relationship with Native Americans?

The French maintained an amicable spirit of cooperation with Native Americans primarily for fur trapping purposes.

What were the main events of colonial resistance to British imposed rule?

Bacon's Rebellion, the New England Confederation, and the Zenger Trial were key events highlighting colonial resistance.

How did the French and Indian War affect colonial economic relationships?

The re-imposition of Navigation Acts and strict mercantilism after the war led to colonial resentment towards British rule.

What were the characteristics of the Southern colonies?

The Southern colonies were Anglican, had a large population of enslaved blacks, and were sustained economically by agriculture.

What was the First Great Awakening?

A religious revival that unified English colonials and acted as a catalyst for the American Independence movement.

Describe the impact of the Proclamation of 1763 on Native Americans.

It restricted westward migration of colonists, causing frustration and revolt among Native Americans after the loss of trading options.

What was the justification behind parliamentary taxation post-1763?

Parliament justified taxation as a means to address the debt from the French and Indian War, believing colonists should contribute.

How did colonial women contribute to economic protests in the 1760s?

They enforced boycotts against British goods and organized knitting bees to support the colonial resistance.

What Enlightenment ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence?

Lockean ideas regarding government legitimacy based on the protection of life, liberty, and property significantly influenced the document.

What challenges did the United States face from 1783 to 1815?

Challenges included strengthening federal power, stabilizing the economy, balancing political interests, and navigating foreign policy.

What was Republican Motherhood?

A cultural belief that women played a crucial role in nurturing virtue in children to maintain the integrity of the Republic.

What were the main demands presented at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848?

Demands included property rights, female suffrage, and custody rights during separation.

What was the major breakthrough during Jacksonian Democracy?

There was increased voter participation due to the elimination of property qualifications and more active campaigning by candidates.

How did the Erie Canal foster regional interdependence?

The canal improved transportation, changing gender roles and regional economies, with the Northeast focusing on industry and the South on cotton.

What innovation became more important than canals in the 1830s-1850s?

The steamship became crucial as it allowed for two-way navigation on rivers.

Describe the 'burned-over' district and its connection to Utopian reforms.

This district was a center for religious reform movements like abolition and women's rights during the Second Great Awakening.

What were the waves of immigration in the 1830s-1850s?

Irish immigrants fleeing famine settled in cities, while German immigrants seeking political stability settled in the Midwest.

What were the effects of Nat Turner’s Rebellion on slavery restrictions?

It led to increased restrictions on slaves' rights and heightened propaganda justifying slavery.

How did the cotton gin influence slavery in the South?

The cotton gin made cotton production profitable, leading to the entrenchment of slavery in Southern society.

What events accelerated the Secession Crisis in 1860-61?

Bleeding Kansas, the Dred Scott decision, and John Brown's raid heightened distrust between the North and South.

What do the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments signify?

The 13th abolished slavery, the 14th granted equal protection under the law, and the 15th provided voting rights for black males.