clinical psych m2l1

freudian view

psychic determinism:

a mmajor assumption of freudian theory that holds that everything one does has meaning and is goal directed

psychic determinism

major assumption of freudian theory that holds that everything one does has meaning and is goal directed

unconscious motivations

instincts

life (eros)

death (thanatos

psychic determisnim

psychosexual energy or libido

was described as the driving force behind behavior

sigmund freud

according to a famous psychoanalyst children go through a series of psychosexual stages that lead to the development of the adult personality

psychosexual theory

theory described how personality develop over the course of childhood

freud believed that personality developed through a series of childhood stages in which the pleasure seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas

erogenous zone

is characterized as an area of the body that is particularly sensitive to stimulation

psychoanalytic theory

suggested that personality is mostly established by the age of five

early experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later in life

each stage of development is marked by conflicts that can help build growth or stifle development, depending upon how they are resolved

early experiences

they play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later in life

healthy personality

if these psychosexual stages are completed successfully what would be the results?

fixations

if there are certain issues that are not resolved at the appropriate stage this can occur

oral stage (birth to 1 year old)

erogenous zone - mouth

the infants primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is especially important

oral stimulation

the mouth is vital for eating and infants derives pleasure from ____ ____ thri=ough gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking

weaning process

the primary conflict at this stage is the ____ ____ the child must become less dependent upon caretakers

dependency or aggression

if fixation occurs at the oral stage, freud believed the individual would have issues with ____ or ____. oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, eating, smoking, or nail biting

trust vs. mistrust

the oral stage is related to

an@l stage (1-3years old)

erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control

freud believed that the primamry focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements

toilet training

what is the major conflict at the an@l stage

developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and independence

anal expulsive personality

if parents take an approach that is too lenient, frued suggested thst this could develop in which the individual has messy, wasteful, or distructive personality

competent, productive, and creative adults

if the toilet training hass positive experiencces in this stage this serve as the basis for people to become as this adults

anal retentive personality

if parents are too strict or begin toilet training too early, freud believed that this personality develops in which the individual is stringent, orderly, rigid, and obsessive

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

an@l stage is related to

phallic stage (3-6years old)

erogenous zone: genitals

freud suggested that during this stage the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals

at this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females

oedipus complex

boys begin to view their father as a rival for their mother’s affections. it describes these feelings of wanting to possess the mother annd the desire to replace the father

castration anxiety

a child also fears that he will be punished by his father for these feelings

electra complex

used to describe a similar set of feelings (oedipus complex) experienced by yong girls

penis envy

instead of castration anxiety, freud believed that girls experience this

karen horney

she disputed this theory, calling it both inaccurate and demeaning to women

womb envy

karen horney proposed a concept which refers to men experience feelings on inferiority because they cannot give birth to children

initiative vs. guilt (developing sense of purpose)

phallic stage is related to

latency period (6-puberty)

erogenous zone: sexual feelings are inactive

superego continues to develop while the id’s energies are suppressed

children develop social skills, values, and relationships with peers and adults outside of the family

stage begins around the time that children enter into school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies, and other interests

ego and superego

the development of the ___ and ___ contribute to this period of calm

repressed or dormant

the latent period is a time of exploration in which the sexual energy is

industry vs. inferiority

latency period is related to

latency period

their stage is important in the development of social and communication skills and self- confidence

genital stage (puberty-death)

erogenous zone: maturing sexual interests

the onset of puberty causes the libido to become active once again

during the final stage of psychosexual development the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex

identity vs. role confusion

genital stage is related to

reality and social norms

teens in the genital stage development are able to balance their most basic urges against the need to conform to the demands of ___ and ___ ___

reality

anxiety springs form real danger in the outside world

neurotic

fear that id’s impulses will be expresses unchecked and lead to trouble from environment

moral

fear that one will not conform to the standards of the conscience

free association

dream analysis

resistances

transference

interpretation'

interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

techniques of psychotherapy

free association

patient mus say everything that comes to mind without censoring

believed that shed light on unconscious thoughts and urges

dream analysis

reveal nature of the unconsious

manifest content and latent content

manifest content

what actually happens in a dream

latent content

symbolic meaning of a dream; can be used to discover unconscious wishes

resistances

behavior that prevent unconscious material from reaching consciousness

• less engagement

• ommitting/censoring information

• cancelling or arriving to appointments late

• acting out

• intellectualization; patient strips experiences of their emotional content

transference

patient reacts as if therapist represents an important figure from childhood

• positive or negative feelings

• provides clues about nature of patient’s problems

• form of resistance

interpretation

method by which the unconscious meaning of thoughts and behavior is revealed: most important technique

• designed to open up the patient to new ways of viewing things

• interpretations offered to patient over time by building upon his or her own comments

• less is more; dont want to overwhelm patient, small dosages are the best

interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

brief insight-oriented therapy

focuses on the connection of clinical problems and interpersonal problems

used with depressive disorder, substance abuse, bulimia

alleviates symptoms by improving relations with others

first phase of treatment (up to three sessions)

this includes a diagnostic evaluation and psychiatric history, an interpersonal functioning assessment and patient education about the nature of the clinical condition (e.g. depression)

the therapist provides a clinical formulation of the patient’s difficulties by linking symptoms to current interpersonal problems, issues, and situations

second phase of treatment

depending on which interpersonal problem area has been chosen (grief, role disputes, role transition, interpersonal deficits) specific strategies and goals are pursued. if an impasse has been reached in a relationship, the therapist helps the patient find ways to circumvent whatever is hindering progress or to end the relationship

third phase (last two to three sessions) of treatment

patient’s progress and mastery experiences are reinforced and consolidated

the IPT therapist reinforces the patient’s sense of confidence and autonomy

methods of dealing with recurrence of clinical symptoms are discussed