DEN105 surface anatomy

surface anatomy

the study of the structural relationships of the external features of the bosy to the internal organs and parts

regions of the head

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, auricular, orbital, nasal, infraorbital, zygomatic, buccal, oral and mental regions

oral region

lips, oral cavity, palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and parts of the throat or pharynx

vermilion zone

darker appearance than the surrounding skin

philtrum

vertical groove, superior to the midline of the upper lip, extending downward from the nasal septum

tubercle of the upper lip

inferior to the philtrum, the midline of the upper lip terminates in a thicker area

labial commissure

upper and lower lips meet at the corner of the mouth

angular cheilitis

an inflammatory lesion at the labial commissure, often occurs bilaterally

solar damage can cause

loss of vermilion border

oral cavity

is made up by the vestibule and oral cavity proper

vestibule

space between the lips or cheeks and teeth

oral cavity proper

area surrounded by the teeth

oral mucosa (mucous membrane)

lines the oral cavity

inner parts of the lips are lined by a pink and thick

labial mucosa

buccal mucosa

the labial mucosa is continuous with the equally pink and thick - that lines the inner cheek

parotid papilla

small elevation of tissue that protects the duct opening from the parotid salivary glands.

located on the inner part of the buccal mucosa, opposite the maxillary second molar.

fordyce spots

on the surface of the labial mucosa and buccal mucosa, visible small, yellowish elevations.

deeper deposits of sebum from trapped or misplaced sebaceous gland tissue (hair follicles)

linea alba

buccal mucosa, white ridge of raised calloused tissue that extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together and occlude

hyperkeratosis

cheek chewing on the buccal mucosa caused by the mandibular posterior teeth

what are deep to the lips and within the oral cavity?

jaws, maxilla and mandible

maxillary tuberosity

tissue covered elevation on the posterior aspects of the maxilla just posterior to the most distal maxillary molar

retromolar pad (retromolar trigone)

on the mandible, posterior to the most distal mandibular molar is a dense pad of tissue

mucobuccal fold (vestibular fornix)

where the pink and thick labial or buccal mucosa meets the redder and thinner alveolar mucosa

local anesthesia administration

administered at the height or depth of the muccobuccal fold

labial frenum

fold of tissue located at the midline between the labial mucosa and the alveolar mucosa for both the maxilla and mandible

alveolus (alveoli)

tooth socket, where teeth are located

maxillary teeth

teeth of the maxilla

mandibular teeth

teeth of the mandible

how are all of the teeth attached to the bony surface of the alveoli

by the fibrous periodontal ligament PDL

what does the fibrous periodontal ligament PDL allow?

allows some slight tooth movement within the alveolus while supporting the tooth

gingiva

surrounds the maxillary and mandibular teeth (gums)

composed of a firm, pink oral mucosa

interdental gingiva

gingival tissue between adjacent teeth adjoining attached gingiva, with each individual extension being an interdental papilla

exostoses

variation present usually on the facial surface of the alveolar process