AP US History Chapter 3- The Enlightenment vs The Great Awakening (Pietism)

Thomas Jefferson

Deists (ex: ________, and Ben Franklin)- believed that the best way to improve society and human nature was to cultivate Reason, which was the highest Virtue (enlightenment thinkers capitalized on both)

Immanuel Kant

________- German philosopher- courage to know and understand.

individual freedom

Both the GA and Enlightenment increased commitment to ________ and resistance to authority that would play a key role in the rebellion against British tyranny in 1775.

basic civic

Rights included ________ principles- human rights, political liberty, religious toleration- influenced colonial leaders efforts to justify a revolution.

Great Awakening

________- religious revival sparked by worries of the erosion of religious fervor.

John Edwards

________- prominent Congregationalist minister in Northhampton.

Benjamin Franklin

________- Child of the En lightenment;

emotional gatherings

Effect on social life- profound, increased ________, willingness to attend sermons, religion= subject of most conversations.

18th century America

The Enlightenment (aka The Age of Reason- A burst of intellectual activity in ________ due to new European ideas; celebrated rational inquiry, scientific research, and individual freedom.

Religion

________ is intensely personal by creating a deep sense of spiritual guilt and yearning for redemption.

mathematical calculation

Used the power of reason to analyze the workings of nature, and used new tools (microscopes, telescopes), for close observation, scientific experimentation, and precise ________.

technological discoveries

The realization that social progress could occur through a series of intellectual and ________ (adaption of mathematical techniques for observing the natural world.

ancient Christian view

The ________- God created earth was the center of the universe, overthrown by Nicolaus Copernicus in 1533, that Earth orbits the sun which was scorned by Catholic officials until it was confirmed using telescopes.

Official tax supported religions

________= people of other faiths could not preach without permission of the parish.

Deists

________ believed that evil originated from human ignorance of the rational laws of nature, not due to inherent sinfulness.

The Enlightenment (aka The Age of Reason

A burst of intellectual activity in 18th-century America due to new European ideas; celebrated rational inquiry, scientific research, and individual freedom

The ancient Christian view

God created earth was the center of the universe, overthrown by Nicolaus Copernicus in 1533, that Earth orbits the sun which was scorned by Catholic officials until it was confirmed using telescopes

1687, Issac Newton (Christian)

devout, challenged biblical notions of the worlds  workings by depicting a changing dynamic universe with natural laws that govern all things, not God)

Enlightened "freethnkers" refused to allow church and state to limit what they study and investigate

a dangerous force to Europeans, revolutionary ideas & movements

Benjamin Franklin

Child of the En lightenment;

Bor n Boston (1706), moved to Philadelphia, bought a print shop

began editing and publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette, published Poor Richards Almanack (reputation grew as printing business grew)

Virtues of self-reliance, hard work, public service

founded library, fire company, helped start UPENN, and organized American Philosophical Society (og a debating club)

Highly regarded diplomat, politician, educator, inventive genius devout to scientific investigation (developed the Franklin stove, lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, glass harmonica)

curiosity -> confidence, critical thinking

VA, MD, DE, Carolinas

Anglican Church

NY

Anglicanism, Dutch Reformed Church

PA

no state-supported church, but Quakers dominated legislative assembly

NJ & RI

no official denomination, numerous Christian splinter groups

Most colonies organize  religious life around local parishes

defined their theological boundaries and defended them against people who didnt hold the same faith

Great Awakening

religious revival sparked by worries of the erosion of religious fervor

Effect on social life

profound, increased emotional gatherings, willingness to attend sermons, religion  = subject of most conversations

John Edwards

prominent Congregationalist minister in Northhampton

1741, famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

hell is real and is terrible

George Whitefield

most celebrated promoter of the Great Awakening (English)

An Anglican preacher who made several trips to America to restore religious intensity in America (seven times btw 1738

1748)

Critics

Anglican ministers thought he was a charlatan too occupied with converting commoners and the ignorant

Urged people to experience a "new birth"

a sudden, emotional moment of conversion and salvation

A Changing Religious Landscape

the Great Awakening made

Jonathon Edwards regretted the emergence of warring factions, NE would never be the same (relgious-wise)

GA shattered Puritan ideal of religious uniformity