Swallowing Muscles Review

Orbicularis Oris

origin of orbucularis oris

Maxilla and mandible

insertion of orbicularis oris

skin and mucous membrane of the lips

function of orbicularis oris

closing/pursing lips

CN # of orbicularis oris and location of nuclei in the brain stem

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve); nuclei located in the pons.

Buccinator

origin of buccinator

masseter, mandible, temporomandibular raphe

insertion of buccinator

angle of the mouth

function of buccinator

keep bolus from pocketing in cheeks

CN # of buccinator and location of nuclei in the brain stem

CN VII (facial); Pons

Levator labia superior

origin of levator labia superior

infraorbital margin of maxilla

insertion of levator labia superior

skin and muscles of upper lip

function of levator labia superior

elevate upper lip

CN # of levator labia superior and location of nuclei in the brain stem

CN VII; Pons

Temporalis

origin of temporalis

temporal fossa

insertion of temporalis

coronoid process of mandible

function of temporalis

• anterior part: elevates mandible

• posterior part: retracts mandible

• strong jaw closure

Masseter

origin of masseter

zygomatic bone

insertion of masseter

mandible: ramu and angle

function of masseter

elevates mandible

CN # of masseter and location of nuclei in the brain stem

Mandibular nerve CN V (Trigeminal)

Medial pterygoid

insertion of medial pterygoid

-Sphenoid bone: lateral pterygoid plate

-Maxilla: tuberosity

-Palatine bone: pyramidal process

function of medial pterygoid

• elevates mandible

• lateral and protrusive movements

CN # of medial pterygoid and location of nuclei in brainstem

Mandibular nerve (CN V), Pons

Lateral pterygoid

origin of lateral pterygoid

• sphenoid: greater wing

• lateral pterygoid plate

insertion of lateral pterygoid

• condylar process mandible

• articular capsule

function of lateral pterygoid

• protrude jaw

• unilaterally swings jaw to contralateral side

CN # of lateral pterygoid and location of nuclei in brainstem

Mandibular nerve CN V (trigeminal), Pons

Intrinsic tongue muscles

superior longitudinal

inferior longitudinal

transverse

verticalis

superior longitudinal

superior longitudinal origin

lingual septum and fibrous tissue

superior longitudinal insertion

margins of the tongue, dorsal lingual mucosa

superior longitudinal function

retracts/shortens the tongue

curls tip and sides of tongue superiorly

superior longitudinal CN # and location of nuclei in brainstem

CN XII (Hypoglossal), Medulla

Inferior longitudinal muscle

inferior longitudinal origin

body of hyoid bone, root of tongue

inferior longitudinal insertion

fibers pass anteriorly to apex of tongue

inferior longitudinal CN # and location of nuclei in brainstem

CN XII (Hypoglossal), Medulla

inferior longitudinal function

retracts tongue and curls tip down inferiorly

Vertical lingualis

Vertical lingualis origin/insertion

no defined origin or insertion

Vertical lingualis function

broadens and flattens tongue

vertical lingualis CN # and location of nuclei in brainstem

CN XII (Hypoglossal), Medulla

Transverse muscle

Transverse muscle origin and insertion

no defined origin/insertion

Transverse muscle function

elongate, narrow, and help protrude tongue

transverse muscle CN # and location of nuclei in brainstem

CN XII (Hypoglossal), Medulla

Extrinsic tongue muscles

genioglossus

styloglossus

hyoglossus

palatoglossus

Genioglossus

Genioglossus origin

mandible (superior)

Genioglossus insertion

mucous membrane of tongue

Genioglossus function

protruded and depresses tongue

Genioglossus CN # and location of nuclei in brainstem

CN XII (Hypoglossal), Medulla

Styloglossus

Styloglossus origin

temporal bone: styloid process

Styloglossus insertion

blends with the intrinsic muscles

Styloglossus function

retracts and elevates tongue

Styloglossus CN # and location of nuclei in brainstem

CN XII (Hypglossal), Medulla

Hyoglossus

Hyoglossus origin

greater cornu and body of hyoid bone

Hyloglossus insertion

side of the tongue b/w styloglossus and inferior longitudinal

Hyloglossus function

depresses the tongue

Hyloglossus CN # and location of nuclei in brainstem

CN XII (Hypoglossal), Medulla

Palatoglossus

Palatoglossus origin

palatine apneurosis of velum

Palatoglossus insertion

side of tongue

Palatoglossus function

elevates posterior part of tongue

Palatoglossus CN # and location of nuclei in brainstem

CN X (Vagus) & XI (Accesory)

superior pharyngeal constrictor

superior pharyngeal constrictor origin

pterygomandibular raphe

superior pharyngeal constrictor insertion

pharyngeal raphe

superior pharyngeal constrictor function

narrow pharynx, close velopharyngeal port

superior pharyngeal constrictor CN # and location of nuclei in brainstem

pharyngeal plexus, medulla

middle pharyngeal constrictor

middle pharyngeal constrictor origin

hyoid bone

middle pharyngeal constrictor insertion

pharyngeal raphe

middle pharyngeal constrictor function

narrows pharynx for swallowing

middle pharyngeal constrictor CN #

CN X (Vagus) (pharyngeal plexus)

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

inferior pharyngeal constrictor origin

thyroid and cricoid cartilage

inferior pharyngeal contrictor insertion

pharyngeal raphe

inferior pharyngeal constrictor function

swallowing

palatopharyngeus

palatopharyngeus origin

palatine apneurosis

palatopharyngeus insertion

pharyngeal constrictors

palatopharyngeus function

narrows pharynx. helps with velopharyngeal closure

stylopharyngeus

stylopharyngeus origin

styloid process

stylopharyngeus insertion

pharyngeal constrictors and thyroid cartilage

stylopharyngeus function

elevates and widens pharynx/larynx

stylopharyngeus CN #

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

transverse inter-arytenoids

oblique inter-arytenoids

lateral cricoarytenoid

thyro-arytenoid

which CN innervates all intrinsic laryngeal muscles

CN X (Vagus)

transverse inter-arytenoid attachments

one arytenoid to another

transverse inter-arytenoid function

adducts arytenoids