Chapter 7 key terms

Precipitation

The process in which a solid forms and separates from a solution during a chemical reaction.

Precipitate

The solid that forms during a precipitation reaction.

Precipitation Reaction

A reaction in which two aqueous solutions are mixed, resulting in the formation of an insoluble solid (precipitate).

Strong Electrolyte

A substance that completely dissociates into ions in solution and conducts electricity effectively.

Soluble Solid

A solid that readily dissolves in water to form a solution.

Insoluble Solid

A solid that does not dissolve significantly in water.

Slightly Soluble

A substance that dissolves only slightly in water, forming a very small amount of ions.

Molecular Equation

A chemical equation showing the complete chemical formulas of reactants and products without indicating their ionic nature.

Complete Ionic Equation

A chemical equation that shows all strong electrolytes as ions in solution.

Spectator Ions

Ions that appear unchanged on both sides of a complete ionic equation and do not participate in the chemical reaction.

Net Ionic Equation

A chemical equation that shows only the species involved in the reaction, omitting spectator ions.

Acid

A substance that donates hydrogen ions (H⁺) in an aqueous solution.

Strong Acid

An acid that completely ionizes in water, producing a high concentration of H⁺ ions.

Base

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H⁺) or donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in a solution.

Strong Base

A base that completely dissociates in water to produce OH⁻ ions.

Salt

A compound formed when an acid reacts with a base, typically consisting of a cation from the base and an anion from the acid.

Oxidation–Reduction Reaction

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons, where one species is oxidized (loses electrons) and another is reduced (gains electrons).

Double-Displacement Reaction

A reaction in which two compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds, often resulting in the formation of a precipitate, water, or gas.

Acid–Base Reaction

A reaction in which an acid and a base react to produce water and a salt.

Combustion Reaction

A reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen to produce energy in the form of heat and light, often forming CO₂ and H₂O if hydrocarbons are involved.

Synthesis (Combination) Reaction

A reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a single, more complex substance.

Decomposition Reaction

A reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.