Chapter 1&2 flashcards A&P Mindtap Cengage

Heat is produced as a by-product when ____ contracts and relaxes?

skeletal muscle

Which tissue uses peristalsis to help move food along the digestive tract?

Smooth muscle

Tissue that is controlled involuntarily and controls the rhythm at which our heart beats is called

Cardiac muscle

Which cells are tapered and have a single nucleus?

Smooth muscle cells

Which cells are elongated, cylindrical, and multinucleated?

skeletal muscle cells

Which type of tissue can a person voluntarily control?

skeletal muscle

Which is a characteristic of connective tissue?

Binding

Loose connective tissue is found

surrounding nerves and blood vessels

Which connective tissue is the soft packing material of the body?

Areolar loose connective tissue

Which connective tissue is a network of fibers and cells forming the internal structure of organs?

Reticular loose connective tissue

Adipose loose connective tissue is specialized to store

fat

Dense irregular connective tissue is found in

the skin

Which connective tissue is composed primarily of collagen fibers with rows of fibroblast cells?

dense regular connective tissue

Which connective tissue is composed primarily of collagen fibers and fibroblasts with the collagen fibers running in all different directions?

dense irregular connective tissue

The different types of cartilage are

hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage is found in which body location

trachea

Cartilage is composed of _____ sitting in cavities called lacunae.

chondrocytes

Blood is a fluid connective tissue that contains cells as well as an extracellular matrix called

plasma

The extracellular matrix of bone contains many collagen fibers and

calcium

The diversity and abundance of connective tissues in the body allow them to perform a wide variety of functions, including _________.

storage

Sheets of _______ tissue form capsules that surround and protect organs like the kidneys and spleen.

Connective

Skin is bound to underlying muscle and bone by _________ connective tissue

dense irregular connective tissue

Which is true about the structure of epithelial tissue?

it has no blood supply of its own

Which is a function of epithelial tissue?

Absorption

An epithelial cell that is taller than it is wide and contains an elongated, oval-shaped nucleus is a ___

Columnar epithelium cell

Which correctly matches the tissue type to its location in the body?

Simple cuboidal epithelium occurs in the kidneys and many glands.

Endothelium makes up the lining of the

blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

The main function of glandular epithelium is

secretion

When an incoming action potential comes into a neuron, it is first received by the

dendrites

Each cell body has many ___ with only one axon

dendrites

The main function of the ___ of the neuron is to keep the neuron alive by providing energy and breaking down its waste.

soma or cell body

The axon has many projections at the end called ___ bulbs and are where neurotransmitters are released.

axon

One characteristic function of ___ tissue is its conductivity

nervous

The ___ is made out of a fatty substance, and it protects and insulates the axon

myelin sheath

The gaps in the _____ are referred to as the nodes of Ranvier. They increase the speed of the action potential by thousands of times.

Nodes of Ranvier

When the _____ of a neuron receives an action potential, its cell membrane becomes stimulated.

dendrite

The stratum spinosum is found below which layer?

The stratum granulosum.

The ___ is composed of irregular connective tissue.

dermis

Wat is the most superficial layer of skin?

Epidermis

Keratin is produced by

keratinocytes

The protein substance that makes the epidermis tough and waterproof is

keratin

A group of pigments called melanin are produced by

Melanocytes

Skin color, eye color, and hair color are determined by

Melanin

Molecules thar are ____ - soluble molecules and some other ____ molecules are able to pass through the skin

lipid; small

The ___ system’s main function is to act as a protective barrier for the body

Integumentary

When exercising, most excess heat is lost by ___ Otherwise, the body gets rid of most excess heat through the process of ___.

evaporation; radiation

The ____ system helps the body closely regulate body temperature by sweating.

Integumentary

A type of skin cancer called ____ may appear as a mole or freckle that changes in color, size, or shape; a lump with little or no pigment; or a blood blister.

melanoma

The signs and symptoms of ____ include fluid-filled blisters that break easily and large areas where the top layer of skin has peeled away

staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome

The most common type of skin cancer is called ____ and it grows slowly

basal cell carcinoma

A skin condition that may make skin appear to be burned is called

staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome.

One form of skin cancer called ___ rarely spreads to other parts of the body; however, another form of cancer called ___ commonly spreads to other parts of the body.

basal cell carcinoma; melanoma

Hair grows from the

root sheath

The main factors affecting hair growth are genetics, sex, age, and

hormones

Certain pigments called ____ are yellow, brown, black, or rust in color. They combine to form all of the varieties of human hair color

melanin

The hair follicle has a small muscle, the ____ muscle, which anchors it to the nearby dermal tissue.

Arrector pili

Also called sweat glands, _____ are distributed throughout the skin.

sudoriferous glands

Thermoregulation relies on appropriately functioning ___ glands.

sudoriferous

Except on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, ____ glands can be found everywhere in the skin.

sebaceous

An oily substance that helps keep the skin soft and moist and prevents hair from becoming too brittle is secreted by ___ glands.

sebaceous

Found in the external ear canal ____ glands are modified sweat glands

ceruminous

A substance that helps protect the external ear canal from pathogens and physical damage is secreted from the ___ glands.

ceruminous

Enlarged, modified sweat glands found in the breasts of females are called ____ glands

mammary

Milk is produced for offspring in the ____ glands

mammary

A common pathology called urticaria may affect the skin. It is commonly called are

hives

A highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin is called

impetigo

Raised, itchy welts on the skin, which are common after exposure to an allergen, are called

urticaria

A skin condition caused by a lack of melanin production or the death of melanocytes is called

vitiligo

A group of genetic disorders resulting from little to no production of melanin is called

albinism

Which is a sign or symptom often seen in patients with albinism?

very pale skin

A group of rare, inherited diseases that cause extremely fragile skin that blisters easily is known as

Epidermolysis bullosa

Which is a sign or symptom often seen in patients with epidermolysis bullosa?

hair loss and blisters of the scalp

The temporary loss of large amounts of hair is called ____. It usually occurs due to sudden weight loss or stress.

hair shedding

Excessive hair growth at birth; learning disabilities or attention-deficit disorder; and a long, narrow face with a high forehead are all signs and symptoms of

congenital hypertrichosis

A disorder characterized by discoloration of the nail and thickened nails that may crumble at the edges is called

onychomycosis

A rare genetic disorder causing fingernails and toenails to become abnormally thick and abnormally shaped is called

Pachyonychia congenita

A common condition resulting from enlarged glands on the forehead or cheeks is called

Sebaceous hyperplasia

A condition called ____ is caused by overproduction of oil that can mix with dead skin cells, clog skin pores, and become infected by bacteria.

Acne vulgaris

A condition of abnormal body odor is called

Bromhidrosis

A common condition resulting in infected hair follicles on the face, neck, chest, and back is called

acne vulgaris

Scrapes caused by rubbing the skin against another surface are called

abrasions

Partial-thickness burns that affect the epidermis and the dermis are considered ____ -degree burns.

second

The Rule of Nines is applied to ____ -degree and ___-degree burns.

second; third

The purpose of _____, the first step of wound healing, is to stop bleeding by activating the blood-clotting system.

hemostasis

Scars called ____ scars grow larger than the wound, are usually smooth on top and pink or purple in color, and are irregularly shaped.

keloid

The body must be able to maintain an internal temperature, within the range of ___ regardless of changes in the environment.

36-3.5

A patient with a core temperature of 35°C or less would have

hypothermia

A patient would likely experience ___ when they have hyperthermia. This action is the body's way of trying to lower body temperature to maintain homeostasis.

signs of dehydration