Federalism-_History_of_Federalism_Notes__7_

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15 Terms

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Federalism

A system of government where power is divided between a national government and various regional governments.

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Strict Constructionist

A person who interprets the Constitution literally, believing that the government can only do what the Constitution explicitly states it can do.

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Loose Constructionist

An individual who believes in a broader interpretation of the Constitution, allowing for implied powers and flexibility in government actions.

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Nullification

The idea that states have the right to invalidate any federal law that they believe is unconstitutional.

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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

A landmark Supreme Court case that established federal supremacy over state laws and confirmed the implied powers of Congress.

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Dual Federalism

A system of government where both the states and national government remain supreme within their own spheres, akin to a layer cake.

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Cooperative Federalism

A system where powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government, resembling a marble cake.

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Fiscal Federalism

The national government’s pattern of spending, taxing, and providing money to influence state and local governments, often through grants.

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Funded Mandate

A requirement in which the federal government provides funds to states for them to implement certain policies.

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Unfunded Mandate

A regulation or policy that requires states to perform certain actions without providing federal funds.

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Categorical Grants

Federal grants that can only be used for specific purposes and often come with conditions.

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Project Grants

Categorical grants awarded based on merit for particular projects, typically requiring an application process.

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Formula Grants

Categorical grants in which the amount awarded varies based on a predetermined formula.

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Block Grants

Federal grants given with fewer restrictions, aimed at broad programs without specific allocations.

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Revolution/Devolution

A political movement aimed at reversing cooperative federalism and redistributing powers back to the states.