Epidermis Cell Layers

epidermis

The outermost layer of skin that serves as a protective barrier against environmental damage and pathogens, containing several types of cells

dermis

the thicker layer of skin beneath the epidermis, providing structural support, containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings.

stratum corneum

the outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead skin cells that are continuously shed and replaced, providing a barrier against water loss and environmental damage.

keratinocytes

The most abundant cell type in the epidermis, keratinocytes are responsible for producing keratin, a key structural protein that helps form a protective barrier.

keratin

A fibrous protein that forms the primary component of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin, providing strength and resilience.

stratum basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis, where new keratinocytes are generated through cell division. It plays a critical role in skin regeneration and contains melanocytes that produce melanin.

basal cells

Cells located in the stratum basal that divide to produce new keratinocytes and replenish the epidermis.

melanocytes

Specialized skin cells that produce the pigment melanin, responsible for skin color and protection against UV radiation.

stratum spinosum

A layer of the epidermis above the stratum basale, characterized by spiny appearance due tokeratinocyte connections and involved in the formation of the skin barrier.

stratum granulosum

A layer of the epidermis positioned above the stratum spinosum, where keratinocytes begin to flatten and accumulate keratin, contributing to the skin's water barrier.

corneocytes

Terminally differentiated keratinocytes in the outermost layer of the skin, forming a protective barrier and preventing water loss.

stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis that consists of dead keratinized cells, providing a tough protective barrier