Chapter 7: Cardiology

Angi/o

Refers to blood vessels or lymphatic vessels in the body, often used in medical terminology.

aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

Antery that carries blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.

Arteriol/o

arterioles, the smallest branches of arteries that lead to capillaries.

ather/o

fatty substance,plaque

cardio/coron/o

heart

embol/o

plug

isch/o

to hold back, restrict

phleb/o

vein

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o

chest

thromb/o

pulse

valv/o, valvul/o

value in the context of heart anatomy, a structure that regulates blood flow between the chambers of the heart and major blood vessels.

varic/o

dilated vein

vas/o, vascul/o

blood vessel

ven/o

vein

ventricul/o

ventricle

venul/o

venule

cutane/o

skin

esophag/o

esophagus

lip/o

fat

son/o

sound

Arteries

It carries blood away from the heart that delivers oxygen to tissues. Especially from the heart and toward a capillary bed.

The arterial wall contains a thick layer of smooth muscle and can contract or relax

The lumen is the channel inside the vessel that carries the blood

Most arteries carry oxygenated blood, but the arteries from the heart to the lungs carry deoxygenated blood.

Arteries react to our hormones  

Capillaries

Capillaries connect arteries to vien’s

Groups of capillaries from capillary beds

They’re the point of exchange with tissues where oxygen and nutrients are delivered and waste products are removed.

Capillary walls are very thin to facilitate this exchange

The smallest blood vessels in the circulatory system.

veins

Veins carry away from a capillary bed and toward the heart

Vein walls have a thin layer of smooth muscle

Venous valves prevent the backflow and pooling of blood

Carry blood back to the heart that carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart, except pulmonary veins, which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs.

-stenosis

narrowing

-ule

small

Aneurysm

Localized widening of an artery due weakness in the arterial well;may develop in an artery wall; may developed in any artery,but common sites are the abdominal aorta and cerebral arteries.

Angina Pectoris

Serve chest pain caused muscles of the chest is not getting enough blood supply thus heart not getting enough as well.

antilipidemic

A class of drugs used to lower lipid levels in the blood, particularly lowering cholesterol.

Antiplatelet

Medications that prevent blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation, often used to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Arrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat that can lead to various symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, or fainting, caused by problems with the electrical system of the heart.

Auscultation

Listening to sound within body such as heart or lungs by using stethoscope to diagnose conditions.

bacterial endocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream, leading to infection and damage to heart valves.

beta-blocker drugs

Medications that reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart.

cardiac catheterization

A medical procedure used to diagnose and treat certain heart conditions by inserting a thin tube into the coronary arteries through a blood vessel. In so to collect caradiac blood samples and to determine pressure within the heart.

bradycardia

a slower than normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute, which can lead to symptoms like fatigue and dizziness.

cardiac biomarkers

Complex protein substances released into the bloodstream when the heart is damaged. They are used to diagnose and assess the severity of heart conditions.

Cogenital Septal Defect

A congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal opening in the septum that divides the heart's chambers, allowing blood to flow between them.

Congestive Heart Failure

Condition that develop when the heart muscle is not able to pump blood force sufficiently, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other body tissues. SALT

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Open heart surgery in which a blood vessel often a leg vein is grafted to route blood around an occluded coronary artery

Deep Vein

Formation of blood clots in deep veins usually occurs in the legs pieces of the clot may break off and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.

Defibrillation

A medical procedure that uses electrical shocks to restore a normal heart rhythm in cases of life-threatening arrhythmias.

doppler ultrasound

A diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to evaluate blood flow and detect abnormalities in the cardiovascular system.

electrocardiography

A non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, providing valuable information about heart rhythm, size, and function.

Endarterectomy

Surgical removal of the inner lining of an artery in order to remove plaques

Fibrillation

A rapid and irregular heart rhythm that can lead to poor blood flow and potentially result in cardiac arrest if not treated promptly.

heart murmur

abnormal hearrt sound such a soft blowing sound or harsh click;may be soft and heard only with a stethoscope, or louder and more pronounced. It can indicate underlying heart conditions.

heart transplant

replacement of a diseased or malfunctioning heart with a donor heart

heart valve prolapse

Cusps or flaps of the heart value are too loose and fail to shut tightly allowing blood to flow backward causing regurgitation and potentially leading to various complications such as heart failure.

heart valve stenosis

narrowing of the heart valve opening that restricts blood flow, leading to increased heart workload and potential heart failure. Cusps or flaps of the heart valve are too stiff and unable to open fully.

holter monitor

A portable device that continuously records the heart's rhythms for 24-48 hours, allowing for the detection of arrhythmias and other heart conditions.

myocardial ischemia

a condition where blood flow to the heart is reduced, leading to a shortage of oxygen. This can cause chest pain and increase the risk of heart attack.

occlusion

a blockage that restricts blood flow in a blood vessel, which can lead to ischemia or tissue damage.

varicose vein

swollen and distended vein,most commonly in legs