Axial and Appendicular Muscles

Frontalis

Corrugator supercilii

Orbicularis oculi Function

Circular muscle around eye that closes eyelids and enables blinking.

Orbicularis oculi Attachments

medial wall of orbit to skin of eyelids

Orbicularis oculi

Orbicularis oris

Zygomaticus major Function

Muscle of facial expression that elevates corner of mouth for smiling.

Zygomaticus major Attachments

zygomatic bone to skin at corner of mouth

Zygomaticus major

Zygomaticus minor

Depressor anguli oris

Temporalis

Masseter Function

Most powerful muscle of mastication that elevates mandible and protracts jaw.

Masseter Attachments

zygomatic arch to ramus and angle of mandible

Masseter

Sternocleidomastoid Unilateral action

lateral flexion to same side + rotation to opposite side.

Sternocleidomastoid Bilateral action

neck flexion.

Sternocleidomastoid Attachments

mastoid process and occipital bone to manubrium and clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid

Scalenes

Splenius capitis

Splenius cervicis

Thoracic outlet

Space where nerves and blood vessels exit between scalene muscles and under clavicle

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Condition where nerves/vessels are compressed causing pain and numbness in arm

Erector spinae

Large "super group" of back muscles with three divisions that extend vertebral column

Erector spinae

Iliocostalis

Longissimus

Spinalis

Diaphragm Function

Primary breathing muscle that flattens and moves inferiorly during contraction to expand thoracic cavity

Diaphragm

External intercostals

Internal intercostals

External oblique

Internal oblique

Rectus abdominis Function

"Six-pack" muscle that flexes trunk.

Rectus abdominis Attachments

xiphoid process and ribs 5-7 to superior pubis

Rectus abdominis

Transversus Abdominis

Linea alba

Rectus sheath

Trapezius Functions - Superior

elevates scapula.

Trapezius Functions - Middle

retracts scapula.

Trapezius Functions - Inferior

depresses scapula and produces superior rotation.

Trapezius – Medial Attachments

occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 spinous processes

Trapezius – Lateral Attachments

clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Trapezius

Rhomboid major

Rhomboid minor

Levator scapulae

Serratus anterior

Pectoralis minor

Deltoid Function - Anterior

flexes arm, medially rotates arm.

Deltoid Function - Middle

abducts arm (main action).

Deltoid Function - Posterior

extends arm, laterally rotates arm.

Deltoid Attachments

clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula to deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid

Pectoralis major - Function

flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm; produces horizontal adduction.

Pectoralis major - Attachments

medial clavicle, sternum, and rib cartilage 1-6 to lateral intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Pectoralis major

Latissimus dorsi

Teres major

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

Rotator cuff

Group of four muscles (SITS) that stabilize glenohumeral joint

SITS Muscles

Mnemonic for rotator cuff muscles - Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis

Biceps brachii - Function

flexes forearm, supinates forearm, and weakly flexes arm.

Biceps brachii - Attachments

supraglenoid tubercle (long head) and coracoid process of scapula (short head) to radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

Biceps brachii (short head)

Biceps brachii (long head)

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

Triceps brachii - Long

Triceps brachii - Medial

Triceps brachii - Lateral

Triceps brachii

Pronator teres

Muscle that pronates forearm (turns palm down)

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Iliopsoas

Combined term for iliacus and psoas major muscles; primary hip flexors

Psoas major - Function

Hip flexor

Psoas major - Attachments

T12-L5 vertebral processes and bodies to lesser trochanter with iliacus

Psoas major

Iliacus - Function

Hip flexor

Iliacus - Attachments

iliac fossa to lesser trochanter with psoas major

Iliacus

Pectineus

Adductor longus

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Sartorius

Tensor fasciae latae