Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

Gymnosperms & angiosperms

• Vascular plants with seeds

• most plentiful plants in the biosphere

• heterosporous

Gymnosperm

Non-flowering seed plant

Angiosperm

Flowering seed plant

Monoecious

Ovule-bearing and pollen cones can develop on the same plant

Monocotyledons (Monocots)

• Root xylem and phloem in a ring

• vascular bundle scattered in stem

• flowers in threes or multiples of threes

• parallel leaf veins

Eudicotyledons (Dicots)

• Root phloem between arms of xylem

• vascular bundles in a ring

• flowers in fours of fives and their multiples

• net pattern leaf veins

Stamen

Male portion of flower

-Anther

-Filament

Carpel / Pistil

Female portion of flower

-Stigma

-Style

-Ovary

Complete Flowers

Have sepals, petals, stamens, and a carpel

• Incomplete are missing one or more of the above

Bisexual Flowers

Have both stamens and carpel

• Unisexual have one but not the other

Monoecious Plants

Have staminate flowers and carpellate flowers on the same plant

Dioecious Plants

Have all staminate or all carpellate flowers

Pollination

The transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma of a carpel

Self-Pollination

Occurs if the pollen is from the same plant

Cross-Pollination

Occurs if the pollen is from a different plant

Fertilization

• When pollen grain lands on stigma, it germinates forming a pollen tube

• Passes between the stigma and style to reach the micropyle of the ovule

• Double fertilization occurs