dysarthia characteristics

location of damage in spastic dysarthria

bilateral UMN damage

location of damage in flaccid dysarthria

lower motor neuron(s)

location of damage in ataxic dysarthria

the cerebellum

location of damage in hypo- & hyperkinetic dysarthria

basal ganglia

etiologies of spastic dysarthria

vascular, trauma, PLS, (ASL mixed in later stages)

etiologies of flaccid dysarthria

CVA, TBI, degenerative diseases, trauma

etiologies of ataxic dysarthria

Korsakoff's, Freidreich's Ataxia, CVA, TBI

etiologies of hyperkinetic dysarthria

Huntington's disease, PANDAS, TBI, Infections

etiologies of hypokinetic dysarthria

parkinson's, infection, CVA

Expand PANDAS

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders with Streptococcal Infections

Respiration in spastic dysarthria

dereased tidal volume, shortened phrase length, paradoxical breathing

Respiration in flaccid

decreased loudness & phrase length, strain (FVF constriction)

Which dysarthrias present with harsh vocal quality?

hyperkinetic & ataxiz

In which dysarthria will paradoxical breathing be present?

spastic

phonation in spastic

hyperadduction of TVFs, decreased airflow, increased subglottic pressure

articulation in spastic dysarthria

decreased rate & movement, increased duration

phonation in flaccid

glottal insufficiency

resonance in flaccid vs spastic

both have hypernasality, but nasal emissions only occur in flaccid

which types of dysarthria present with monopitch & monoloudness?

all of them

Flaccid & spastic DAP

weakness

articulation in ataxic

irregular artic, breakdowns, distorted vowels, prolonged phonemes & intervals

prosody in ataxic

equal and excess stress, slow (drunken-like, slurred)

artic in hyperkinetic

imprecise consonants, disordered vowels, irregular articulator breakdowns

Prosody in hyperkinetic

inappropriate silences, short phrases, prolonged intervals & phonemes, exessive loudness variations, decreased stress, decreased rate

dx criteria for hypokinetic

accelerated speech rate

voice in hypokinetic

quiet/weak, breathy or hoarse

articulation in hypokinetic

indistinct words, hard to start speech, imprecise consonants

which dysarthia presents with stuttering-like disfluencies?

hypokinetic

prosody in hypokinetic

inappropriate pauses, accelerated speech

When is nystagmus present?

ataxic

when is essential tremor present?

ataxic

when is dysdiadokokinesia present?

ataxic