Chapter 13: Meiosis and Genetic Variation

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to meiosis, genetic variation, and the differences between meiosis and mitosis as noted in Chapter 13.

Meiosis I

The first stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes are separated and crossing over occurs, leading to genetic mixing.

Meiosis II

The second stage of meiosis that separates sister chromatids, resulting in four unique haploid cells.

Crossing Over

A process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange DNA segments, creating new gene combinations.

Independent Assortment

The random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis, resulting in gametes with different mixes of maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Random Fertilization

The concept that any sperm can fertilize any egg, producing a vast range of possible genetic outcomes.

Mitosis

A process involving one division that produces two identical diploid cells used for growth and repair.

Meiosis

A process involving two divisions that produces four unique haploid cells with half the chromosome number.

Diploid

A cell or organism that has two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid

A cell or organism that has one complete set of chromosomes, which in humans is 23 chromosomes.