Lesson 11: Endocrine System

Acr/o

extremities

Adren/o

adrenal gland

crin/o

to secrete

gluc/o

glucose

glyc/o

glucose

gonad/o

sex glands

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid

pineal/o

pineal gland

pituitar/o

pituitary gland

somat/o

body

thym/o

thymus gland

thyr/o, thryoid/o

thyroid gland

a-, an-

without

anti-

against

endo-

within

hyper-

increased

hypo-

decreased

para-

near

pre-

before

poly-

excessive

-crine

to secrete

-dipsia

thirst

-ectomy

surgical removal

-emia

blood condition

-ism

condition

-megaly

abnormal enlargement

-osis

abnormal condition

-phagia

eating

-tropin

to stimulate

a.c.

before meals

p.c.

after meals

Ca

calcium

K+

potassium

Na+

sodium

DKA

diabetic ketoacidosis

DM

diabetes mellitus

Epi

Epinephrine

FBS

fasting blood sugar

GTT

glucose tolerance test

Hb, Hgb

hemoglobin

HCG

human chorionic gonadotropin

IDDM

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

NIDDM

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

TSH

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Acromegaly

extremity enlargement due to increased GH after puberty

Addison’s Disease

adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone

Antidiuretic hormone

reduces water excreted through kidneys

Calcitonin

works with PTH to decrease blood calcium

Corticosteroids

steroid hormones from adrenal cortex

Cortisol

anti-inflammatory corticosteroid

Cushing’s syndrome

from prolonged high cortisol levels

Diabetes insipidus

insufficient ADH production/response

Diabetes mellitus

metabolic disorders from defects in production or use of insulin

Diabetic ketoacidosis

ketone build up in blood, diabetes complication

diabetic retinopathy

diabetes damages blood vessels in retina

Electrolytes

mineral substances normally found in blood

Epinephrine

stimulates SNS

Estrogen

female sex hormone, regulates menstruation

Exophthalmos

protrusion of eyeball out of orbit

Gestational diabetes mellitus

diabetes occuring during pregnancy

Glucagon

hormone that stimulates liver to convert glycogen to glucose

Glycogen

form in which liver stores extra glucose

Graves’ Disease

autoimmune disorder, form of hypothyroidism with goiter and exophthalmos

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

autoimmune disorder attacking the thyroid

Insulin

secreted by pancreatic beta cells in response to high blood glucose

Leptin

hormone secreted by fat cells

Myxedema

due to extreme thyroid deficiency

Norepinephrine

hormone from adrenal medulla and neurohormone from SNS

Oxytocin

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

polydipsia

excessive thirst

polyphagia

excessive hunger

polyuria

excessive urination

progesterone

female hormone that completes preparation for pregnancy

testosterone

male sex hormone