Acute Physiological Responses to Exercise

Flashcards about Acute Physiological Responses to Exercise

Acute Responses to Exercise

Only occur for the duration of exercise and recovery, dependent on the intensity, duration and type of exercise, involve the respiratory, cardiovascular and muscular systems working together.

Ventilation

Air breathed in and out per minute, increases during exercise.

Tidal Volume

Amount of inspired and expired air per breath, increases during exercise.

Respiratory Rate

Breaths per minute; increases during exercise.

Diffusion

Movement of gases from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, increases during exercise.

Gas Exchange in Lungs

Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the bloodstream, carbon dioxide moves from the bloodstream into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Gas Exchange in Muscles

Oxygen moves from the bloodstream into the muscles, carbon dioxide moves from the muscles into the bloodstream to be transported to the lungs and exhaled.

VO2

Volume of oxygen consumed, increases as exercise intensity increases.

VO2 max

Maximal amount (volume) of oxygen that can be taken in, transported, and utilized.

aVO2 Difference

The difference in oxygen concentration in the arterioles compared with the venules, the amount of oxygen used by the muscle, increases during exercise.

Cardiac Output

Blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute; increases during exercise.

Stroke Volume

Amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat; increases during exercise but plateaus at submaximal intensity.

Heart Rate

Beats per minute; increases during exercise.

Venous Return

The rate of blood flow back to the heart; increases during exercise.

Redistribution of Blood Flow

Vasoconstriction of arterioles supplying inactive muscles reduces blood flow there and vasodilation of arterioles supplying muscles increases blood flow there.

Blood Pressure

The pressure of blood in the arteries, systolic increases in aerobic activities, diastolic remains the same as intensity increases.

Systolic Blood Pressure

Pressure of blood passing out of the heart.

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Pressure of blood coming back into the heart, remains stable in aerobic activities.

Blood Volume

Decreases during exercise due to plasma loss.

Plasma

55% of total blood.

Erythrocytes

45% of total blood.

Muscle Temperature

Increases during exercise.

Motor Unit Recruitment

Increases during exercise.

Energy Substrates

Fuel, both chemical and food fuel, decrease during exercise.

Lactate

Increases during exercise; accumulation coincides with the accumulation of H+ which causes fatigue.

Formula for Ventilation

Ventilation = Tidal Volume x Respiratory Rate

Acute Muscular Responses

Muscle temperature and motor unit requirement are acute responses.

Increased Motor Unit Recruitment Effect

Improves performance by using more muscle fibres when kicking and sprinting to be able to produce more force during a soccer game.

Increased aVO2 diff Effect

Increases move oxygen being used by the muscles which allows them to work at greater intensities aerobically.

High Oxygen Concentration

Lungs, oxygen moves into the blood stream to be taken to muscles

Low Carbon Dioxide Concentration

Lungs, carbon dioxide moves into the alveoli to be exhaled

Low Oxygen Concentration

Muscles, oxygen moves from the blood stream to be taken in by the muscles.

High Carbon Dioxide Concentration

Muscles, carbon dioxide moves into the blood stream to be transported to the lungs and exhaled

VO2 max Formula

Cardiac output x aVO2 difference

Resting Cardiac Output

5 Litres/min

Maximal Cardiac Output

35 Litres/min

Normal Blood Pressure

120/80

Aerobic Activities - Blood Pressure

Systolic increases and diastolic remains the same as intensity increases.

Weight Resistance Activity - Blood Pressure

Both diastolic and systolic blood pressure increases.

Muscular system energy sources: CHO and fats

Stored in muscle or delivered by blood