Test Bank for Leifer's Maternity & Pediatric Nursing

Registered Midwife (RM)

Provides comprehensive independent prenatal, labour, and postpartum care for up to 6 weeks for women who are low risk.

Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI)

A designation in Canada developed by the Breastfeeding Committee for Canada (BCC) that sets international standards for breastfeeding support in hospitals and community health services.

Perinatal Mortality Rate

Includes fetal and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births per year.

Cultural Safety in Nursing

Involves understanding and addressing a patient's cultural concerns to promote individualized care.

World Health Organization (WHO)

An international public health agency involved in global health initiatives.

Breastfeeding Committee for Canada (BCC)

Responsible for the Baby Friendly Initiative designation in Canada.

Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)

An agency that plays a role in public health initiatives, including maternal and child health.

Maternal Mortality

Refers to the death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy.

Neonatal Death

Refers to the death of an infant within the first 28 days of life.

Fetal Death

Refers to the death of a fetus at or after 20 weeks of gestation.

Low-risk Births

Births that occur without complications and are suitable for midwifery care.

Prenatal Care

Health care provided to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.

Postpartum Care

Care provided to a woman after the birth of her child, typically for up to 6 weeks.

Comprehensive Independent Practice

A practice model where a registered midwife provides full scope of care without physician oversight.

Cognitive Level: Comprehension

A level of understanding that involves grasping the meaning of information.

Cognitive Level: Knowledge

A level of understanding that involves recalling facts and basic concepts.

Cognitive Level: Application

A level of understanding that involves using knowledge in new situations.

Nursing Process Step: N/A

Indicates that a specific nursing process step is not applicable to the question.

Nursing Process Step: Implementation

The phase of the nursing process where care is executed based on the plan.

Nursing Process Step: Evaluation

The phase of the nursing process where the effectiveness of care is assessed.

Nursing Process Step: Assessment

The phase of the nursing process where data is collected and analyzed.

Nursing Process Step: Diagnosis

The phase of the nursing process where nursing diagnoses are formulated.

Urban Area

A geographic area characterized by high population density and vast human-built features.

Home Births

Births that occur in a home setting rather than in a hospital.

Current perinatal care focus

A high-quality family experience for each patient.

Certification for nurses in specialty areas

The Canadian Nurses Association offers certification exams for registered nurses in specialty areas including perinatal, community, neonatal, and pediatric intensive care.

Cultural humility

A process of self-reflection and discovery to understand one's own assumptions, biases, and values and how one's background and social environment have shaped one's experience.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

New goals that include climate change and environmental protection, which were not included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Clinical pathways

Collaborative guidelines that define patient care across disciplines, identifying expected progress within a specified timeline.

Next step in nursing care plan development

Determine appropriate nursing diagnoses based on assessment data.

Nursing Diagnosis

The scope of practice of the practical nurse is determined by the provincial board of nursing.

Social Determinant of Health (SDOH)

The impact of colonization is related specifically to Indigenous people's health.

Critical Pathway

Critical pathways outline expected progress with stated timelines.

Electronic Charting

Comprehensive electronic documentation is ensured by requiring specific input in designated categories before the user can progress through the system.

Family-Centred Care

The term empowerment refers to the control a family has over its own health care decisions.

Critical Thinking

Critical thinking results in problem prevention in designing nursing care.

Variance

Any deviation from the expected timelines in critical pathways.

Empowerment

The control a family has over its own health care decisions.

Quality of Care Improvement

Outlines expected progress with stated timelines.

Clinical Pathway

Lists diagnosis-specific implementations.

Electronic Documentation

Requires certain responses before allowing the user to progress.

Nursing Care Plan

All documentation is reflective of the nursing care plan.

Problem Prevention

An advantage of applying critical thinking in nursing.

Control in Health Care Decisions

The philosophy of family-centred care is to provide control to the family over health care decisions.

Provincial Regulatory Board

A resource that can be suggested to nursing students for understanding practical nurse scope of practice.

Indigenous People's Health

Specifically related to the social determinant of health known as colonization.

Expected Progress

Stated timelines in critical pathways.

Nursing Implementation

The step in the nursing process where critical pathways are utilized.

Nursing Student Resources

Canadian Nurses Association, Provincial regulatory board, Federal government, Canadian Association of Perinatal & Women's Health Nursing.

Nursing Diagnosis Development

A discussion topic among practical nursing students in acute care clinical settings.

Practical Nurse Role in Nursing Diagnosis

To initiate and identify nursing diagnosis specific to patient.

Practical Nurse Responsibilities

To update changes in nursing diagnosis as needed.

Nursing Diagnosis Understanding

To have an understanding of nursing diagnosis terminology.

Nursing Diagnosis Documentation

To accurately document nursing diagnosis on patient plan of care.

Morbidity Definition

The term morbidity refers to the rates of illness within a population within a time frame.

Morbidity Rates

Morbidity rates show the incidence of disease in a specific population during a certain time frame.

Reasons for Poorer Health Outcomes in Indigenous People

Residential schools, Lack of clean water, Remote geographical locations, Fragmented healthcare funding.

Misconception about Indigenous Health

Lack of understanding of modern medicine is not a reason for poorer health outcomes for Indigenous people.

Early 20th Century Developments in Childbirth

Use of specialized obstetric instruments, Use of anesthesia, Physicians' closer relationships with hospitals.

Non-Family-Centred Policies in the 1960s

Waiting room for fathers, Sedation of mother during labour, Delay of reunion of mother and infant, Restrictions of visitations by minor children.

1960s Hospital Policies

Hospital policies provided a separate waiting room for fathers while the mother went through labour in a sedated state.

Legal Responsibility of Nurses

There is a legal responsibility to report certain diseases and conditions to the public health authorities.

Reportable Diseases

Tuberculosis, Child abuse, Industrial accidents, Sexually transmitted infections.

Foodborne infections

Communicable diseases that must be reported by nurses, including tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections.

Critical thinking in studying

Involves understanding facts before memorizing, prioritizing information, relating facts to other facts, using all five senses, and reading critically.

Medical Care Act of 1968

Includes comprehensive care, ability to travel between provinces, covers everyone, and is publicly administered, but does not include dental care.

Specialized care by home health nurse

Includes glucose monitoring, heparin therapy, and total parenteral nutrition.

Mammography

A screening test used to detect breast cancer.

Clinical breast examination (CBE)

Performed by a health professional to check for abnormalities, not recommended as an effective screening tool for low-risk women.

Breast self-examination (BSE)

Not recommended as regular practice for breast cancer screening.

Breast biopsy

A diagnostic test rather than a screening test.

Legal responsibility of nurses

To report communicable diseases, foodborne infections, child abuse, and threats of suicide.

Cognitive Level: Application

A level of understanding that involves applying knowledge to new situations.

Nursing Process Step: Planning

The step in the nursing process where the nurse prepares for patient care.

Nursing Process Step: Evaluation

The step in the nursing process where the nurse assesses the effectiveness of care provided.

Nursing Process Step: Implementation

The step in the nursing process where the nurse carries out the planned interventions.

Prioritizing information

A critical thinking skill that involves determining the most important information to focus on.

Relating facts to other facts

A critical thinking skill that involves connecting new information to existing knowledge.

Making assumptions

A general thinking practice that is not part of critical thinking.

Five senses in learning

Using all five senses to enhance understanding and retention of information.

Travel between provinces

A feature of the Medical Care Act that allows patients to access care across provincial lines.

Publicly administered care

Care that is managed by government entities as part of the Medical Care Act.

Total parenteral nutrition

A specialized form of nutritional support provided intravenously.

Heparin therapy

A specialized treatment involving the anticoagulant heparin.

Glucose monitoring

A specialized care practice to track blood sugar levels.

Comprehensive care

A key pillar of the Medical Care Act that ensures extensive health services.

Secondary prevention

The early detection of diseases and trying to prevent the disease from developing further.

Mammogram screening

An example of secondary prevention.

Oral contraceptives

Contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone that suppresses ovulation.

Intrauterine device (IUD)

A woman should feel for the string every 4 weeks to confirm the presence of the IUD.

Diaphragm

Must be left in place for at least 6 hours after intercourse and can be left in place up to, but no more than 24 hours.

Abstinence

100% effective in preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.

Basal body temperature

After ovulation, body temperature will increase slightly, about 0.5° C.

Combination of estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptives

Prevents ovulation.

Menstrual flow after IUD insertion

Will be lighter.

Menstrual cramps after IUD insertion

Will not be eliminated.

String of IUD

Should be felt in the vagina.

Change of IUD

Should be changed every 2 years.

Spermicidal cream or jelly with diaphragm

Use is not recommended.

Effective birth control choice

Abstinence is the most effective choice for preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.