Module 1.1: Programming Concepts and Paradigms

Paradigm

A set of basic principles, concepts, and methods for how a computation or algorithm is expressed.

Imperative Programming
Object-Oriented Programming
Functional Programming
Logic Programming

Four major paradigms

Imperative Programming

Also called the procedural, programming paradigm expresses computation by fully- specified and fully-controlled manipulation of named data in a stepwise fashion.

Data or Values

Initially stored in variables (memory locations), taken out of (read from) memory, manipulated in ALU (arithmetic logic unit), and then stored back in the same or different variables (memory locations).

ALU

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Stored Program Concept–Based

The foundation of imperative languages is the _________ computer hardware organization and architecture (von Neumann machine).

Object-Oriented Programming

The same as the imperative paradigm, except that related variables and operations on variables are organized into classes of objects.

Objects

Considered the main building blocks of programs, which support the language features like inheritance, class hierarchy, and polymorphism.

Functional Programming

Also called the applicative, programming paradigm expresses computation in terms of mathematical functions.

Lambda Calculus

Functional programming languages are mainly based on the _________.

Logic Programming

Also called the declarative, programming paradigm expresses computation in terms of logic predicates. It is about finding facts, defining rules based on the facts, and writing questions to express the problems we wish to solve.

Prolog

The only significant logic programming language.