Module 1 Master Class Review

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers essential educational theories, developmental milestones, assessment types, and classroom management strategies based on the Module 1 master class transcript.

Jean Piaget

Educational theorist who proposed four stages of cognitive development: Sensorimotor, Pre operational, Concrete operational, and Formal operational.

Sensorimotor

Piaget's stage from birth to $2$ where children experience the world through movement and senses.

Object permanence

The understanding that objects still exist, even when they are not visible or auditable.

Pre operational

Piaget's stage from $2$ to $7$ where children think symbolically and use words and pictures to represent objects.

Egocentric

The struggle with understanding others' viewpoints.

Concrete operational

Piaget's stage from $7$-$11$ where children begin to think logically, understand conversation, and organize objects into leveled categories.

Formal operational

Piaget's stage from $12$ and up where children think abstractly, understand hypothetical scenarios, and use logical reasoning.

Lev Vygotsky

Developer of the Social cultural theory which emphasized the role of social interaction in development.

Zone of proximal development

The gap between what a child can do independently and what they can do with guidance from a skilled partner.

Scaffolding

Temporary support given to a child which allows them to perform a task they wouldn’t have been able to do alone.

Erik Erikson

Theorist who developed stages of psychosocial development, including Trust vs mistrust, Autonomy vs shame, and Initiative vs guilt.

Trust vs mistrust

Stage from birth to $18$ months where children develop trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection.

Autonomy vs shame

Stage from $2$-$3$ years where children need to develop personal control over skills and build a sense of independence.

Initiative vs guilt

Stage from $3$-$5$ years where children begin to assert themselves by imitating activities and gain a sense of accomplishment.

Howard Gardner

Developer of the Theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting people have a range of intelligences rather than a single fixed one.

Constructivist theory

Emphasizes learning as an active, constructive process where learners build new knowledge based on past experiences.

Behaviorist theory

Emphasizes learning as a response to external stimuli where reinforcement and punishment shape behavior.

Social cognitive theory

Emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others.

Cognitive theory

Centers on internal processes, memory, problem solving, decision making, and prior knowledge.

Tier 1 Support

The general education classroom level of RTI providing high evidence base instruction and support to all students.

Tier 2 Support

Targeted interventions for students not making adequate progress, often conducted in small groups and more intensive than Tier 1.

Tier 3 Support

Highly specialized and individualized interventions to address specific learning deficits or behavioral issues.

Physical environment

A well-structured classroom setting that enhances focus and reduces distractions through safety, accessibility, and visual aids.

Emotional environment

A classroom atmosphere that promotes confidence and safety through established routines and nurturing support.

Intellectual environment

A setting that challenges children and fosters curiosity using diverse materials and open-ended questions.

Social environment

An inclusive environment that enhances communication and cooperation through group activities and collaborative projects.

Kindergarten (5-6) Can Do

Speak in complex sentences, understand simple stories, use basic grammar correctly, and recognize some basic written words.

1st grade (6-7) Can Do

Read age appropriate books, write simple sentences, express ideas with language, and follow multi step directions.

2nd grade (7-8) Can Do

Read aloud confidently, write short paragraphs with basic grammar, and follow more complex oral instructions.

3rd grade (8-9) Can Do

Read longer books, use conjunctions for compound sentences, and write paragraphs with a clear topic.

4th grade (9-10) Can Do

Read chapter books, write multi-paragraph essays, and use some figurative language and reasoned logic.

Tactile learning materials

Physical objects and tools that students touch, hold, and move to understand lessons.

Differentiated instruction

Strategies including tiered assignments, varied questions, and different supports to cater to a range of abilities.

Authentic assessments

Assessments requiring students to apply skills to real-world scenarios, such as project-based assignments.

Screening assessments

Brief assessments at the start of a unit to identify students at risk of educational difficulties and guide early intervention.

Diagnostic assessments

In-depth assessments used to understand specific student strengths and weaknesses to inform targeted instruction.

Formative assessments

Ongoing assessments during the learning process, such as mid-lesson questions or exit tickets, to provide real-time feedback.

Summative assessments

Comprehensive evaluations at the end of an instructional period, such as final exams, to measure achievement against standards.

Benchmark assessments

Periodic assessments, like mid-terms or quarterly tests, used to track progress against grade level standards.

Systematic observations

Unstructured monitoring used to gather immediate quantitative data on student behavior and learning.

Student portfolios

A collection of student work over time that showcases progress and achievement.

Criterion referenced

Assessments that measure student performance against specific learning standards rather than comparing them to others.

Norm referenced

Assessments that compare student performance against a norm group to rank them in relation to peers.

IDEA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; mandates that students with disabilities are entitled to a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment.

Individual education plans (IEPs)

Tailored plans for individual students that outline specific accommodations and modifications necessary for assessment.

Modifications

Changes in what is being taught or what is expected from the student.

Accommodations

Changes in how a student learns or demonstrates learning without altering the test's content.

FERPA

Law that protects the privacy of student education records in schools receiving U.S. Department of Education funds.

Academic language

Formal language specific to disciplines used in educational settings, including specialized vocabulary and complex sentences.

Social language

Informal language used in everyday communication that relies on shared experiences for understanding.

Dyslexia

A learning disability characterized by slow reading progression and difficulty in phonemic awareness and word decoding.

Dyscalculia

A learning disability involving struggles with number sense, arithmetic facts, and mathematical concepts.

Dysgraphia

A learning disability affecting handwriting, spelling, and the organization of ideas on paper.

Assistive technology

Tools like speech-to-text software, audio books, and specialized keyboards used to aid students with learning disabilities.

Collaborative learning

Students working together in small groups to achieve a common goal.