Ch5 Humerus & Shoulder Girdle Review

What is another name for the lateral border of the scapula?

axillary

The scapula is classified as what type of bone?

flat bone

The xiphoid process is part of what bone?

sternum

The clavicle articulates with the:

scapula (and sternum)

Where is the acromion located?

scapula (notes: lateral end)

What separates the head of the humerus from the shaft?

anatomical neck

Where is the anatomical neck of the humerus in relation to the surgical neck?

superior

A lateral position of the scapula requires which of the following?

central ray to medial border

Which of the following places the humerus in a true lateral position?

internal rotation

Which position will best demonstrate the greater tubercle of the humerus?

external rotation

What is a common fracture site of the humerus?

surgical neck

What is the name of the process that extends anteriorly from the scapula?

coracoid process

Which position should you use if there is an obvious fracture of the upper humerus?

transthoracic lateral

What structure separates the two posterior fossa of the scapula?

spine of the scapula

Where does the CR enter for an AP projection of the shoulder joint?

1 in below the coracoid process

What part of the sternum articulates with the clavicle?

manubrium

What is located between the lesser and greater tubercles of the proximal humerus?

bicipital groove (note: also called intertubercular groove)

During external rotation of the shoulder, the ________ is profiled laterally.

greater tubercle

What type of projection does the Fisk Method require to visualize the intertubercular groove?

tangential

What is the most common direction for shoulder dislocations?

anterior

How many degrees is the patient obliqued for the Grashey method?

35-45 degrees

What is the name of the fracture of the glenoid rim demonstrated by the Grashey Method?

Bankart lesion

What is a common exam performed to rule out rotator cuff tear?

arthrography

Which of the following structures is not part of the proximal humerus?

a. lesser tubercle

b. glenoid process

c. intertubercular groove

d. anatomic neck

glenoid process

Which term describes the medial end of the clavicle?

sternal extremity

The anterior surface of the scapula is referred to as the:

costal surface (Note: subscapular fossa)

The female clavicle is usually shorter and less curved than the male. Tor F

True

What is the name of the large fossa found within the anterior surface of the scapula?

subscapular fossa

What is the name of the insertion point for the deltoid muscle located on the anterolateral surface of the humerus?

deltoid tuberosity

Which of the following joints is considered to have a spheroidal type of movement?

scapulohumeral joint

(note: also called glenohumeral joint and shoulder joint)

All of the joints of the shoulder girdle are diarthrodial. T or F

True

Which AP projection of the shoulder and proximal humerus places the affected palm of the hand inward toward the thigh?

neutral rotation

Which projection is considered a trauma projection (can be performed safely for possible fx or dislocation)?

Garth

What CR angle is required for the Lawrence projection to best demonstrate a possible Hill-Sachs defect?

25-30 medial

Which of the following shoulder projections best demonstrates the glenoid cavity in profile?

Grashey

How much posterior CR angulation is required for the supine version of the tangential view for the bicipital groove?

10-15

Which of the following projections can be performed using a breathing technique?

AP Scapula

For a Grashey projection of the shoulder, the CR is centered to the acromion. T or F

False (CR centered to scapulohumeral joint, which is approx 2" inferior and 2" medial from the superolateral border of shoulder)

How much CR angulation is needed for a scapular Y projection?

no CR angle

Where is the CR centered for a transthoracic lateral of the proximal humerus?

level of surgical neck

AP oblique projection for an anterior dislocated scapulohumeral joint will project the humerus ___ to the glenoid cavity

inferior

Which projection requires the patient to be rotated 45-60 degrees toward the IR from a PA position?

lateral scapula

Which of the following best demonstrates the coracoacromial arch?

a. Neer

b. Fisk

c. Garth

d. Grashey

Neer

The Clements projection requires a CR angle of _____ degrees toward the axilla if pat can't extend to 90 degrees.

5-15

How much CR angulation is required for an asthenic AP axial projection of the clavicle?

30

Where is the CR centered for the bilateral AC joint projection on a 14X17 IR?

1" above the jugular notch

The recommended SID for AC joints is 72". T or F

True

The arm should be abducted 45 degrees for an AP scapula. T or F

False (the arm should be abducted 90 degrees; salute)

An orthostatic breathing technique can be performed for the AP scapula. Tor F

True

Which projection should not be performed for a possible shoulder dislocation?

a. Garth

b. transthoracic lateral

c. Clements

d. scapular Y

Clements

A posterior dislocation of the shoulder occurs more frequently than an anterior dislocation T or F

False, (95% are anterior dislocations)

The Alexander method for AC joints requires a 15 degree cephalic CR angle. T or F

True

Anterior dislocations of the humerus will show the humeral head inferior to the acromion. T or F

False, (the humeral head projects inferior to the glenoid cavity)

Select the term that correctly describes the shoulder joint.

a. humeroscapular

b. glenohumeral

c. scapulohumeral

d. B and C

glenohumeral and scapulohumeral

Which specific joint is found on the lateral end of the clavicle?

acromioclavicular

Which of the following is not an angle found on the scapula?

a. inferior angle

b. lateral angle

c. medial angle

d. superior angle

medial angle

Which structure of the scapula extends most anteriorly?

coracoid process

The male clavicle is shorter and less curved than the female.

False, the female clavicle is shorter and less curved

Which bony structure separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae?

scapular spine

Which structure is most superior?

acromion

What is the type of joint movement for the scapulohumeral joint?

spheroidal

Which modality best demonstrates osteomyelitis?

Nuclear Medicine

(note: also metastatic bone lesions and cellulitis)

The greatest technical concern during a pediatric shoulder study is voluntary motion. T or F

True

Which modality provides a functional, or dynamic study of the shoulder joint?

ultrasound

(notes: allows for dynamic evaluation during joint movement)

Which pathologic condition often produces narrowing of the joint space?

osteoarthritis

Which pathologic condition may require a reduction in manual exposure factors?

rheumatoid arthritis

Which routine projection of the shoulder requires that the humeral epicondyles are parallel to the IR?

external rotation

How are the humeral epicondyles aligned for a rotational lateromedial projection of the humerus?

perpendicular to IR

What is the major advantage of the supine, tangential version of the intertubercular groove over the erect?

less OID

Which projection best demonstrates the supraspinatus outlet region?

Neer Method

Which projection can a breathing technique be employed?

transthoracic lateral humerus

What clinical indication is best demonstrated with the Garth method?

scapulohumeral (glenohumeral) dislocations

What type of injury must be ruled out before weight-bearing AC joint study?

fractured clavicle

What is the minimum amount of weight a large adult can strap to their wrists for weight bearing AC joint study?

8 to 10 lbs

The lesser tubercle of the humerus is located anteriorly and greater tubercle laterally T or F

True

The shoulder girdle is made up of the clavicle, scapula and humerus.

False, it is made up of the clavicle and scapula only.

The lateral border of the scapula is also called the _____.

axillary

______ is a compression fracture and possible anterior dislocation of the humeral head.

Hill-Sachs defect