A+P1

Lectures 1 and 2

Anatomy

Study of internal or external structures and relationships of body parts.

Physiology

Study of how living organisms perform essential life functions.

Structure-function relationship

Specific functions are performed by specific structures; structure always correlates with function.

Gross anatomy

Examination of fairly large structures; also known as macroscopic anatomy.

Surface anatomy

Study of the body's surface form in relation to deeper parts.

Regional anatomy

Focus on anatomical organization of specific body areas (e.g., head, neck, trunk).

Sectional anatomy

Study of body structures through cross sections of tissues or organs.

Systemic anatomy

the study of the structure of organ systems (e.g., skeletal system).

Clinical anatomy

Subspecialties important in clinical practice.

Developmental anatomy

Changes in form from conception to adulthood.

Microscopic anatomy

Study of structures not visible without magnification.

Cytology

Study of the internal structure of individual cells.

Histology

Examination of tissues, groups of specialized cells performing specific functions.

Cell physiology

Study of cell functions; cornerstone of human physiology.

Organ physiology

Study of functions of specific organs (e.g., cardiac physiology).

Systemic physiology

Functioning of specific organ systems (e.g., cardiovascular physiology).

Pathological physiology

Study of disease effects on organ or system functions.

Levels of organization

Hierarchical structure from molecules to organisms.

Chemical level

Atoms combine to form molecules.

Cellular level

Molecules form structural and functional components of cells.

Tissue level

Groups of cells working together for a specific function.

Organ level

Two or more tissues working together for specific functions.

Organ system level

Multiple organs working together to create a system.

Organism level

All organ systems working together as a whole.