Japanese History - 20th Century World History | Quizlet

Japanese Society before 1868

- cut off society

- travelling in or out -> death penalty

Tokugawa Shogunate Society

- military rule

- class based dictatorship

- rejection of foreign influences

- emperor on top

Kokutai

Japanese Superiority

What began the Meiji Era?

Commodore Matthew Perry's expedition -> trading port

- then British and French

Meiji Meaning

Enlightened rule

Meiji Restoration

1868-1912

- restored authoritarian, nationalist, imperial rule

- modernisation (political, social, and economic change)

- western + traditional

- political positions based on merit

Diet

constitution implemented during Meiji restoration

Industrial Revolution Process

- land reforms (railroads)

- cotton + silk

- western based education system

- Bank of Japan

- westerners in Japan

- borrow tech from West -> manufactured

Motive for Japan expanding their empire?

looking for more raw materials to manufacture

- expand to Taiwan, Russia, Korea, and China

First-Sino Japanese War

1894-1895

- control over Korea

- Korea looked for help from the Qing, Japan retaliated

- Port Arthur Battle

- Treaty of Shimonosseki

Treaty of Shimonoseki

Taiwan -> Japan

-> After peace treaty Japan forced to leave Taiwan

Russo-Japanese War

- Japan attack Russia at Port Arthur - > Russia lost

- Treaty of Portsmouth

Treaty of Portsmouth

-> Russia lost part of Sakhalin

-> Russia lost mineral rights in Manchuria

What did Japan want in Korea?

-> Japan wanted Korea, made it into a satellite after they used a gunboat to force themselves in

-> Treaty of Japan-Korea

Treaty of Japan-Korea

-> Declared as Japanese Protectorate (1905)

-> Later annexed in 1910

Japan during WW1

-> Side of the allies

-> Focused on Germany (territories + pacific islands)

Japan's movement towards Fascism

1910 - democracy not rooted, economic struggles

1920 - Military leaders arose, emperor prioritised

1930 - Japan militarised + Fascist

Manchurian Incident

-> Staged event by Japanese military to justify invasion of Manchuria

-> Dynamite on Japanese railway

-> Manchuria becomes puppet state

Manchurian Invasion

September 19, 1931

-> economic needs, strategic interests, political instability in China

-> puppet state of Manchukuo (1932) -> Puyi :)

Battle of Rehe + Tanggu Truce

Marco Polo Bridge Incident

- Initiated Second Sino-Japanese War

-> 1937

Second Sino-Japanese War

1937-1945

-> Republic of China v.s. Empire of Japan

Pearl Harbour 1941 -> Largest Asian War

Battle of Beiping-Taijing

->Japanese Victory

Battle of Shangai

"best" Chinese soldiers -> Japanese Victory

-> Bought time for China, Chiang Kai-Shek + Symbol of resistance in China V.S. Japan

Nanjing Massacre

(1937)

-> the murder of as many as 300,000 Chinese men, women, and children by Japanese troops

Battle of Taierzhuang

- Wuhan captured by Japanese BUT China wins Battle

-> China doesn't want to negotiate unless Japan withdraws

Japan 1941 State (Second Sino-Japanese War)

-> Japan Struggling

-> Unpopular due to atrocities

-> Had most eastern areas but suffered lots of casualties

-> No progress

Two Periods of Chinese Resistance

July 7th, 1937

- Battle of Lugou Bridge

- resisted fiercely in Shangai -> morale boost

1938-1941

- flooded space for time, exhausted Japan's resources

Second Sino-Japanese War CCP Red Army - What were they doing in the Northwest?

- Major offensive

- Railways + Coal Mines

- Frustrated Japanese so they implemented three alls (rape, kill, loot)

December 7th, 1941

Pearl Harbour

- Attack from Japan on the USA

- Japan control limited by USA

- Japan lost the Second Sino-Japanese War