Nutrition and Diet Therapy Basic Concepts

A comprehensive set of fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering health definitions, the digestive system, macronutrients, micronutrients, water balance, and legal nutrition mandates based on lecture notes.

According to the WHO, __________ is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.

health

The lifestyle or pattern of behaviors that enhances our level of health is known as __________.

WELLNESS

The science of food and nutrients, their action and interaction, in relation to providing the body with substances to maintain homeostasis is called __________.

NUTRITION

One's physical condition as determined by the diet is called __________.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS

According to the FDA, __________ includes articles used as drink or food, and the articles used for the components of such.

food

Nutrients that provide energy are categorized as __________ nutrients.

FUEL

__________ malnutrition is caused by a faulty diet in both quantity and quality.

Primary

During digestion, proteins are broken down into __________.

amino acids

Fats break into __________ and glycerol during the digestive process.

fatty acids

The process of chewing food into smaller particles is known as __________.

mastication

The esophagus moves food toward the stomach using a synchronized muscular contraction called __________.

peristalsis

The first segment of the small intestine where further breakdown of food takes place is the __________.

duodenum

The __________ produces and secretes bile, which helps in the digestion and absorption of fats.

LIVER

The large intestine is divided into four parts: ascending, transverse, descending, and __________ colon.

sigmoid

Carbohydrates were originally known by the Greek word __________, meaning sugars.

saccharides

Also known as levulose or fruit sugar, __________ is the sweetest of all sugars.

Fructose

The disaccharide __________ is composed of glucose and galactose.

Lactose

Carbohydrates yield __________ of energy per gram.

$$4\,kilocalories$$

Proteins are complex organic compounds composed of amino acids linked by __________.

peptide bonds

A child exhibiting "Moon Face," thin muscles, and fatty liver likely suffers from __________.

Kwashiorkor

The condition __________ is characterized by an "old man's face," thin muscle, thin fat (cachexia), and no edema.

Marasmus

Fats like egg yolk, olives, and avocado that are not immediately noticeable are classified as __________ fats.

INVISIBLE

Fats provide a concentrated source of energy, yielding __________ per gram.

$$9\,calories$$

The term "vitamin" was originated by __________ in ${1912}$.

Casimir Funk

Dryness of the eyes due to vitamin A deficiency is called __________.

Xerophthalmia

Triangular, dry, whitish, foamy appearing lesions on the eye resulting from vitamin A deficiency are known as __________.

Bitot's Spot

__________ minerals are required by the body in quantities larger than $5\,g$.

Major

The condition known as __________ occurs when circulating blood volume is decreased, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion.

Hypovolemia

A measurement of nutrients in a food in proportion to its caloric content is called __________.

NUTRITION DENSITY

In the ${2005}$ MyPyramid, the concept of __________ is suggested by the differing widths of the color bands.

Proportionality

The FDA was created under Republic Act No. __________, series of ${1963}$.

$$3720$$

The HIPAA __________ Rule addresses the use and disclosure of protected health information by covered entities.

Privacy

The National Nutrition Council (NNC) was created in ${1974}$ by Presidential Decree No. __________, also known as the Nutrition Act of the Philippines.

$$491$$