emt motor skills test

normal adult heart rate

60-100 bpm

normal infant heart rate

90-180 bpm

normal child heart rate

70-120 bpm

normal adult respiratory rate

12-20 breaths/min

normal child respiratory rate

12-40 breaths/min

normal infant respiratory rate

30-60 breaths/min

normal adult blood pressure

120/60 mm Hg

normal blood glucose level

80-120 mg/dL

normal oxygen levels

94-99%

what are the parts of the GCS eye opening

spontaneous 4, responds to speech 3, responds to pain 2, none 1

what are the parts of the GCS verbal response

oriented convo 5, confused convo 4, inappropriate words 3, incomprehensible 2, none 1

what are the parts of the GCS motor response

obey’s commands 6, localizes pain 5, withdraws pain 4, abnormal flexion 3, abnormal extension 2, none 1

what organs lie in the right upper quadrant?

most of the liver, gallbladder, colon, pancreas

what organs lie in the left upper quadrant?

stomach, spleen, pancreas, part of colon

which organs are in the right lower quadrant?

appendix

what organs are in the left lower quadrant?

rectum, anus

what quadrants are the small and large intestine in?

all four quadrants

Where are the retroperitoneal organs (kidney and pancreas)

behind the abdominal cavity

what questions are asked to access A + O (alert and oriented)?

Full name? Where are you? Month/Week? Why called in?

What does DCAP-BTLS stand for?

deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures, burns, tenderness, lacerations & swelling

What does the ‘O’ in OPQRST stand for?

Onset: What were you doing when these symptoms began?

What does the ‘P’ in OPQRST stand for?

Provocation/Palliation: Anything makes symptoms better/worse? How are you most comfortable?

What does the ‘Q’ in OPQRST stand for?

Quality: What does the symptom feel like?

What does the ‘R’ in OPQRST stand for?

Region/radiation: Where do you feel the symptom? Does it move anywhere?

What does the ‘S’ in OPQRST stand for?

Severity: On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate symptom?

What does the ‘T’ in OPQRST stand for?

Timing: Are the symptoms constant? How long? When did it start

What does the ‘S’ in SAMPLE stand for?

signs/symptoms: report pain?

What does the ‘A’ in SAMPLE stand for?

allergies: note NKA (no known allergies) if none

What does the ‘M’ in SAMPLE stand for?

medications: prescribed, dosage, recreational drugs?

What does the ‘P’ in SAMPLE stand for?

pertinent past medical history: including family history

What does the ‘L’ in SAMPLE stand for?

last oral intake: last food/drink? any drugs? oral intake in last 4 hours?

What does the ‘E’ in SAMPLE stand for?

events leading up to the injury or illness

what is stridor and what does it indicate?

brassy crowing sound prominent on inspiration, suggests a mildly occluded airway caused by swelling. can indicate croup or epiglottis

what is wheezing and what does it indicate?

whistling that indicates obstruction or narrowing of lower airways. can indicate asthma, copd, congestive heart failure, pneumonia, bronchitis, anaphylaxis

what is crackles and what does it indicate?

fluid in lungs. can indicate copd, pneumonia, bronchitis

what is rhonchi and what does it indicate?

mucus in lungs. can indicate copd, pneumonia, bronchitis.

what does the PEARRL acronym stand for?

pupils equal and round, regular in size, react to light

what is the rate of oxygen for a nasal cannula?

1-6 L/min

what is the rate of oxygen for a nonrebreather?

10-15 L/min

what is the rate of oxygen for a bag-valve mask?

10-15 L/min

what is the rate of oxygen for a nebulizer?

6-8 L/min

when cracking the oxygen cylinder, which way should the valve be turned with the oxygen wrench?

counter clockwise

when would you use the rapid extraction technique?

when necessary to move a patient onto a backboard in 1 minute or less

when would you use the direct ground lift (without backboard)?

patient with no suspected spinal injury found lying supine on the ground

when would you use an extremity lift?

when patient is in a very narrow space

what is the direct carry?

transferring from bed to stretcher by placing stretcher parallel to bed the support under and knees to lift

what is the draw sheet method?

loosen bottom sheet under patient or log roll onto blanket, then gently slide patient onto stretcher using blanket

what position should you place someone with chest pain or respiratory distress?

semi-fowler position

what position should you place a person in late pregnancy?

on left side if supine is uncomfortable

when is activated charcoal used?

most oral poisonings or overdose

what is the dose for activated charcoal?

1-2 g per kg bodyweight

what are the contraindications for activated charcoal?

decreased LOC, overdose of corrosives, caustics or petroleum substances

what is purpose of aspirin?

chest pan of cardiac origin

what is the adult dose for aspirin?

160-325 mg of 4 baby aspirin (81 mg each)

what are the contraindications for aspirin?

recent bleeding or inability to chew tablets

what are some common fast-acting metered-dose inhaler (MDI) meds?

albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin

what is the purpose of fast-acting MDI meds?

stimulates nervous system causing bronchodilation

what are the indications for a fast-acting MDI med?

asthma, difficulty breathing w/wheezing

what is the dosage for fast-acting MDI meds?

1-2 inhalations for MDI, 2.5 mg in nebulizer (one vial)

what are administration concerns for MDI meds?

make sure to inhale all med in one breath, then hold breath for 5 seconds after inhalation

what are the contraindications for fast-acting MDI meds?

tachycardia

what is the purpose of epinephrine?

stimulates nervous system causing bronchodilationw

what are the indications for epinephrine?

anaphylactic reaction

what is the adult and child dose for epinephrine?

0\.3 mg for adults and 0.15 mg for children

what are some administration concerns about epinephrine?

med last about 5 minute, up to 2 doses allowed (possibly contact medical control for the second)

what are the contraindications for epinephrine?

none in real emergency but chest pain of cardiac origin, hypothermia and hypertension

what is the purpose of nitroglycerin?

dilates blood vessels to stop chest pain of cardiac origin

what is the dose of nitroglycerin?

0\.3-04 mg tablet; 0.4 mg spray (1 spray) can give up to 3 doses

what are contraindications for nitroglycerin?

use of viagra or other treatment for erectile dysfunction within the previous 24 hours (Cialis 48 hours); head injury

what is the purpose of oral glucose?

provide glucose for cell use

when is oral glucose used?

low blood glucose

what is the adult dose of oral glucose?

1/2 to 1 tube (15 g)

what are the contraindications for oral glucose?

decreased LOC, nausea and vomiting

what is Tylenol (acetaminophen) used for?

relief of mild pain or fever, headache, muscle aches

what is the adult and child dose for Tylenol (acetaminophen)?

500-1000 mg every 4 hours, weight based in children

What is the action of diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

antihistamine

what is indication for diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

mild allergic reaction or after a severe allergic reaction has been treated with epinephrine

What is the adult dose of diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

25-50 mg

what are the contraindications for diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

asthma, glaucoma, pregnancy, infants

What are the other names for Ibuprofen?

Advil, Motrin, Nuprin

What is the action of ibuprofen?

non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that reduces inflammation and fever; analgesic

What are the indications for ibuprofen?

mild pain or fever, headache, muscle aches

What is the adult and child dose of ibuprofen?

200-400 mg every 4-6 hours, dose is weight based in children

What is the contraindications for ibuprofen?

trauma caused pain

What is the action of naloxone?

reverses respiratory depression secondary to opioid overdose

What are the indications for naloxone?

opioid poisoning

What is the dose for naloxone?

4 mg auto injector, ideally give 1 mg at a time but not possible with auto inject

What does a patient’s blood pressure have to be to give nitroglycerin?

Greater than 100 mm Hg

What are occlusive dressings used for?

sucking chest wounds, abdominal eviscerations, penetrating back wounds and neck injuries

what do you cover an evisceration (protruding organ) with?

sterile gauze moistened with sterile saline solution and then secure with an occlusive dressing, keep organs moist and warm as they lose heat and fluid rapidly

with rule of nines, what percent is the head?

9%

with rule of nines, what percent are the upper limbs?

9% each

with rule of nines, what percent is the trunk?

36%

with rule of nines, what percent is the genitalia?

1%

with rule of nines, what percent are the lower limbs?

18% each

how would you treat a burn that is still hot?

immerse in cool, sterile water or cover with a wet/cool dressing

when would you use a dry dressing on a burn?

more than 10% of body burned (prevent hypothermia)

What dressing do you apply to a sucking chest wound/open pneumothorax?

apply occlusive dressing with flutter valve (a one-way valve that allows air to leas the chest cavity but not return) or apply flutter valve

What is the emergency medical care for closed injuries (mnemonic)?

RICES: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, & Splinting

What are the intracranial pressure signs?

CUSHING TRIAD: hypertension, bradycardia, cheyne-stokes respirations (slow then fast)